5A Farmers’ Bulletin 1169. 
the base of the tree or in bark crevices; the foliage on a large limb 
suddenly wilts, dries up, and dies with sap and small masses of frass 
Fic. 33.—Sugar-maple borer and work: 1, Place 
where egg was laid; ta, another more than 
normally discolored and showing borings thrown 
out by borer; 2, grub in September from egg 
laid the same season ; 3, grub nearly full grown ; 
4, beetle; 5, hole through which beetle escaped ; 
6, borings packed in burrow.  (Felt.) 
flowing from some point. 
Any one or a combination 
of several of these signs 
indicates the work of this 
borer. 
Description, seasonal 
‘history, and habits of the 
insect.—The borer isa 
whitish grub (fig. 33, 2) 
about one-half inch long 
with brownish mouth 
parts, located at the end 
of the burrow in the sap- 
wood, or about 2 inches 
long and of similar shape 
and color in a larger bur- 
row somewhat deeper in 
the wood (fig. 33,3). The 
parent insect is a beetle 
about 1 inch long, stout,- 
shorthorned, black, bril- 
hantly marked with yel- 
low (fig. 33, 4). It comes 
out between June and 
August through oval holes 
in the bark (fig. 33, 5). 
Remedies—Dying trees 
or limbs should be cut 
down and burned before 
June, so as to kill the 
erubs in them before they 
have transformed into 
adults and emerged. Spe- 
cially prized trees should 
be examined in the fall 
and spring for signs of 
the insect, and the borers 
killed either by cutting 
them out (in which case 
cut surfaces should be 
covered with creosote-tar mixture or good white-lead paint (see 
p. 14-15), or by forcing a flexible wire to the end of the burrow, or 
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