78 Farmers’ Bulletin 1169. 
horticulturist, for not only was it found exceedingly destructive, but 
few woody plants seemed immune to it. Since then time and in- 
tensive study have developed both insect enemies and remedial 
measures which have effectively curbed its inroads. Nevertheless it is 
still a serious pest at times here and there, limbs and whole trees being 
killed by it. 
How recognized—Ailing trees show the smooth bark roughened 
and covered with seurf (fig. 56, a—c) beneath which pouchlike, yellow 
insects (fig. 56, e) may be observed. The live wood under such bark 
ey , y is tinged with bright 
red and circles of the 
same color surround 
these insects on green 
growth, leaves, and, in 
the case of orchard 
trees, the fruit. 
Habits —Attached to 
the bark this scale in- 
sect hibernates in im- 
mature stages, resum- 
ing feeding and growth 
i withthe adwenb sor 
== spring. Maturity is 
reached and young (fig. 
56, d, d’) are hatching 
in Washington about 
Fig. 56.—San Jose scale: a, Adult female scale: b, the middle of June. 
male scale ; c, young scales ; d, larva just hatched ; After crawling about 
d’, same highly magnified; e, scale removed show- 
ing body of female beneath. All much enlarged. for a day or two the 
ee ae tiny yellow louse settles 
clown to feed and build the seale. From three to five generations are 
produced annually, varying with the latitude and climatic conditions. 
Remedies.—The San Jose scale readily yields to treatment with mis- 
cible oils (p. 12) or with lime-sulphur (p. 11,12) where their appli- 
cation is practicable. Even fish-oil soap solutions (p. 14) or kerosene 
emulsion (p. 12-13) give satisfactory results. In heavy infestations 
two treatments should initiate the work, one in the fall as soon as the 
leaves fall and the other in the spring just before the buds swell. 
% 
1 
A 
Cr 
le > 
GLOOMY SCALE.” 
How injurious.—The gloomy scale is a special enemy of soft-maple 
trees, which it often cripples or kills, though other maples may be in- 
fested by it. It is especially abundant in the South where it is elimi- 
nating the soft maple as a shade tree. 
5° Chrysomphalus tenebricosus Comst, 
