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Insects of Shade Trees and Their Control. "9 
How recognized —In appearance it is not unlike the San Jose scale 
(fig. 56) and the effect produced by it is much the same, except that 
the red color is absent from the area it infests and the scale is larger 
and coarser. Also white rings, places from which the scales have 
peeled off, are a characteristic appearance on old infested surfaces. 
Habits—In its habits this scale is very much like the San Jose 
scale, except that apparently only one generation is produced in 
Washington, D. C., and proportionately more farther south. It is a 
prolific breeder, however, and can incrust trees with its scales in a 
comparatively short time. 
Remedy.—Winter applications of miscible-oil solution (p. 12) will 
keep it in check. 
OBSCURE SCALE." 
How injurious —Oak is the favorite and only host of the obscure 
scale, and young trees and branches may suffer severely from it or 
even be killed. This is particularly true of the southern half of the 
country. : 
How recognized.—This insect looks much like the San Jose scale. 
In addition, large whitish rings or circles, which are spots from 
which the scales have been rubbed off, are an evidence of infestation 
with this scale. The reddish discoloration characteristic of the San 
Jose scale is absent and the scale is even coarser than the gloomy 
scale. 
Habits —Very much like the preceding. 
Remedy.—Winter applications of miscible-oil solution (p. 12). 
PUBESCENT OAK KERMES.” 
How injurious.—The pubescent oak Kermes can by no means be 
considered a tree-killing insect, although twigs here and there may 
be killed by it. The growth of badly infested trees, however, is 
severely checked, the tender growth particularly. .This scale insect 
occurs on oaks only; white oak (Quercus alba) suffers most from it 
in the vicinity of Washington, D. C.; burr oak in Ohio and Indiana; 
and red, chestnut, and chinquapin oaks are other species on which 
it has been collected. 
How recognized.—During the growing season leaves and green, 
soft wood are found crumpled up, and motionless, hairy, plump 
bodies resembling the background in color are attached to them. 
When mature, the insects become much more rounded and chestnut 
brown in color. Occasionally small, feltlike, white sacks may be 
found on the wood of branches. These are the male cocoons. To- 
6 Ohrysomphalus obsecurus Comst, 5&2 Kermes pubescens Bogue, 
