80 Farmers’ Bulletin 1169. 
ward the end of the season leaves begin to die and clumps of them 
remain attached to the tree through most of the winter. During the 
winter masses of tiny, reddish, licelike insects may be found in cracks 
of the branches and twigs. 
Habits —The overwintering young desert their winter quarters 
about the time buds on the white oak begin to open and migrate to 
the new growth, where they settle and, inserting their beaks, begin 
to feed, usually on the midribs of leaves and the soft wood. Wher- 
ever one of them settles growth ceases, while the surrounding tissue, 
of the leaf blade, for instance, continues growing, thus producing the 
sagging effect. At maturity the body of the female becomes filled 
with eggs, which, in Washington, D. C., hatch early in July, the 
“lice” coming from them infesting further the year’s growth. Two 
generations are produced during the year, the offspring of the second 
hatching late in the fall and migrating to the bark for hibernation. 
Remedy.—Experiments made by the writer on several groups of 
large oak trees have shown that a water solution of miscible oil, 1-15, 
thoroughly applied at the time the buds begin to swell on the white 
oak in the spring, kills 85 to 90 per cent of the young insects without 
hurting the tree in any way. In the given case a high-power sprayer 
with a solid-stream nozzle was used. The cost of the spraying ma- 
terial averaged about 50 cents a tree. The labor in this particular 
instance was abundant and free so that no estimate of the cost could 
well be made. An average of 15 minutes was consumed by the crew 
to a tree, including transportation over the grounds and time re- 
quired to fill the tank. For further details on this subject see pages 
12 and 22 to 30. 
TULIP-TREE SOFT SCALE.” 
How injurious.—Branches of tulip trees may be so crowded with 
the tulip-tree soft scale that they sicken and die, greatly disfiguring 
the tree. 
How vrecognized.—Sickly, blackened branches are found thickly 
beset on the underside with vivid gray to brown, prominently raised 
scales about one-fourth inch long and a little narrower. Toward 
fall the young may be observed crawling about and settling on the 
bark. 
Habits —The young pass the winter on the bark where, the follow- 
ing spring and summer, they feed and grow, producing young again 
toward fall, thus making only one generation a year in the latitude 
of Washington, D. C. 
Femedy.—Miscible-oil solution (p. 12) has been found to be an 
effective remedy for this insect. 
53 Toumeyella liriodendri Gmel. 
