89, Farmers’ Bulletin 1169. 
of June and continuing to hatch through most of the summer. Evi- 
dently only one generation is produced annually in the District of 
Columbia. 
Remedies.—There is little doubt that kerosene emulsion (p. 12-13) 
-or miscible-oil solution (p. 12), applied in the early spring before the 
buds have opened, will effectively kill off most of the pest. 
COTTONY MAPLE SCALE.” 
How injurious —The cottony maple scale attacks a great variety 
of trees and vines. Its food consists of sap obtained by sucking it 
from within the plant tissues. Occasionally the insect appears in 
great numbers and at 
such times is apt to injure 
shade and other trees ma- 
terially. 
Seasonal history and 
habits—This scale insect, 
even when present in 
great numbers, remains 
unnoticed until. about 
June, when, at about the 
latitude of Washington, 
D. C., it is rendered strik- 
ingly conspicuous by the 
large, white, cottony egg 
LLIN mass which appears at 
‘ that time at the end of 
Fic. 58.—Cottony maple scale. Females with cottony the body of the female in- 
ball full of eggs. (Howard.) : 
. sects (fig. 58). The eggs 
hatch in early summer, though sometimes this hatching extends into 
August, and the young settle upon the twigs and underside of leaves. 
In the fall the females migrate to the twigs, where they remain un- 
changed through the winter, rapidly swelling in the spring and form- 
ing the egg mass in early summer. Thus only one generation is 
produced annually. i 
Remedies.—Remedies are rarely necessary. Where occasion arises 
for their use, a spray of dilute (summer strength) kerosene emulsion 
(p. 12-18) during the hatching of the eggs (June and July) is 
certain to prove effective. 
EUROPEAN ELM SCALE.” 
TTistory and damage.—The European elm scale, an immigrant 
from Europe in about 1884, lives on the elm and may occur wherever 
this tree is grown in the United States. As a rule it does not kill 
8 Pulvinaria vitis L. 7 Gossyparia spuria Modeer. 
