Insects of Shade Trees and Their Control. 97 
HONEY LOCUST. 
Leaf chewer. 
White frothlike egg masses on tree trunk; leaves more or less eaten by 
yellow caterpillars with black and red hair-pencils on back__________ 
White-marked tussock moth, p. 41. 
Borer. 
Girdled twigs hanging on trees or lying on ground below trees__________ 
. Twig girdler, p. 71. 
HORSE CHESTNUT. 
Leaf chewer. 
White frothlike egg masses on tree trunk; leaves more or less eaten by 
yellow caterpillars with black and red hair-pencils on back____________ 
White-marked tussock moth, p. 41. 
Borer. 
Twigs wilt and break off; bark splits open, showing ugly scars; chips and 
matted excrement at entrance to burrow on twig or trunk ____________ 
Leopard moth, p. 68. 
Sap sucker. 
Young bark more or less covered with brown or gray, elongate, more 
or less curved, shell-like bodies, readily raised with knife point or finger 
TG ee ee a eee ee Oyster-shell scale, p. TT. 
LINDEN. 
Leaf chewers. 
(1) Holes in leaves with spindle-shaped bags near by___Bagworm, p. 31. 
(2) Leaves being eaten by caterpillars with blue head and silvery, dia- 
mond-shaped spots along the back_______ Forest tent caterpillar, p. 35. 
(83) White frothlike egg masses on tree trunk; leaves more or less eaten 
by yellow caterpillars with black and red hair-pencils on back _________ 
White-marked tussock moth, p. 41. 
(4) Leaves blistered or eaten by coiled, yellowish-white worms with black 
fineeallon pa Da Cees sare ee Large elm sawfly, p. 51. 
Borer. 
(1) Toward end of summer tips dead and green bark eaten; large irregu- 
lar burrows made by slender white grub under the bark and deep in the 
WOOMene AT STO UNG ee eee Shee oe Rey Oe Linden borer, p. 57. 
(2) Girdled twigs hanging on trees or lying on ground below them______ 
Twig girdler, p. T1. 
Sap sucker. 
Young bark more or less covered with brown or gray, elongate, more 
or less curved, shell-like bodies, readily raised with knife point or 
TATA CTT hil ee ee ee ee Pe FS Sy in Se eS Oyster-shell scale, p. TT. 
LOCUST. 
Leaf chewers. 
(1) Holes in leaves with spindle-shaped bags near by___Bagworm, p. 31. 
(2) Leaves being eaten by caterpillars with blue head and silvery, dia- 
mond-shaped spots along the back______ Forest tent caterpillar, p. 35. 
(3) Foliage on tree as if fire scorched; leaves blistered and hollowed 
(OYE) Rao SSA SE a Ete ope So) Es Eee ee Locust leaf-miner, p. 48. 
Borers. 
(1) Trunk and branches gnarled, breaking, and showing wet spots and 
boring dust_____ a12 bi, 2 oft Me DAR AST ee OE tee eee Locust borer, p. 63. 
(2) Smaller twigs wilting, strings of frass dangling from holes in bark, 
worm in burrows vivid reddish-white, greenish beneath _____________ 
Carpenter worm, p. 69. 
MAGNOLIA. 
Sap suckers, scale insect. 
Wood of branches sickly, blackened, and underside beset with vivid gray 
or brown, raised, rather large scales________- Magnolia soft scale, p. 81 
5692°—21 7 
