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THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE:’ 
A MENACE TO THE PINE TIMBER OF THE 
SOUTHERN STATES. 
By A. D. Hopkins, 
Forest Entomologist, in charge of Forest Insect Investigations. 
CONTENTS. 
Page. Page. 
The southern pine beetle: What it Patches of dying pine a menace to 
sand what -lt* doess. === + _— 3 the healthy ptreess=="— = = Bees 9 
Evidence of the destructive work of . The more important evidences of the 
BuCEANDCCLICS 22-22 east ee 5 presence and work of the beetle_ 10 
MENOIG w Ol SLOSSGS =a tt 1 6 | How to locate the infested trees____ 10 
BRE MN EITC (Ye ea ee Dd T¢ Essential details in methods of 
aiticecost Of control =o. 222202 se. TS CONT OES ees ene eee eee ali 
Investigations in the Southern Requirements for success _____-_-_ 2 
SCS Se Se SS Se Sieh ae Fs 8 
Character and range of depreda- 
Tn ope aici bea ee ee 9 
THE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE: WHAT IT IS AND WHAT 
IT DOES. 
HE SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE is a small brownish or 
black beetle, somewhat smaller than a grain of rice. It-flies 
from March to December in the more southern sections, and from 
May to November in its northern range. It attacks the middle to 
upper portions of the trunks of healthy pine trees, causing their 
g, winding burrows, or egg galleries (figs. 1 
‘and 3), which extend through the inner layers of the living bark 
Bd te F 
and mark the surface of the wood (fig.2). Eggs are deposited along 
the sides of these galleries, from which young grubs (larve) hatch 
and then feed on the inner bark until they have attained the size of 
the parent beetles, when they mine into the outer bark and trans- 
form to the dormant (pupal) stage, and later to the adult or beetle 
stage. The beetles then emerge to fly in search of other living trees, 
in which this process of attack and development is repeated. 
The winter is passed in the bark of the living and dying trees in 
all stages of development. The more advanced individuals begin 
to emerge and fly in March to May, and the remainder continue to 
develop and emerge until about the last of July, so that by this 
1 Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.; order Coleoptera, family Ipidae. 
19136°—20 3 
