10 Farmers’ Bulletin 1188. 
THE MORE IMPORTANT EVIDENCES OF THE PRESENCE 
AND WORK OF THE BEETLE. 
(1) If in clumps or patches of pine, where there is no plain evi- 
dence of serious injury by fire, the foliage fades to pale green and 
changes to yellowish and pale brown, it indicates that the trees are 
dying from the attack of the southern pine beetle and that the bark - 
on such trees is infested with the developing broods of minute white 
grubs and transforming beetles. Therefore such infested trees are a 
menace to the living trees. 
(2) If the trees have reddish brown and partially fallen foliage, 
or if all of the foliage has fallen, it indicates that the broods of 
beetles have emerged and that such trees are no longer a menace to 
the living ones. 
(3) If the trees die during the period between the 1st of March 
and the ist of October they will be abandoned by the broods of 
beetles within a few weeks after the foliage has begun to fade. 
(4) If the trees begin to die during the period between the 1st of 
October and the 1st of December the broods of beetles will remain 
in the bark until the following March or April. 
HOW TO LOCATE THE INFESTED TREES. 
The location of trees that are infested by the southern pine beetle 
is the first and one of the most important things to be done before 
definite plans are made for the active work of cutting the trees. 
Some of the essential things to be remembered are as follows: 
(1) The southern pine beetle attacks the upper and middle por- 
tions of the trunks of healthy trees. 
(2) A freshly attacked tree may show pitch tubes on the trunk 
or reddish boring dust around the base, or there may be no external 
evidence of attack until the leaves have begun to fade. 
(3) By the time the tops are faded and the bark on the middle 
and upper trunk is dead the broods of the beetle are in an advanced 
stage of development, yet at the same time the bark on the lower 
third of the trunk may be living and show no evidence of attack or 
may be attacked by other kinds of insects which are not responsible 
for the death of trees. 
(4) As soon as the bark begins to die on any part of the trunk it 
is attacked by numerous other insects, including the adults of the 
. “sawyer” borers which do not attack healthy trees. (See fig. 3.) 
(5) By the time the tops have changed from pale green to greenish 
brown the broods of the southern pine beetle have nearly all devel- 
oped to the stage when they enter the outer bark to transform, to the 
adults. 
‘ 
ES eo TLL ee 
see, ee 
