‘192 Farmers’ Bulletin 1188. 
(d) It is not necessary to burn the tops or branches of treated 
trees or to cut and burn small infested saplings if the larger infested 
trees are disposed of. 
(e) It is not necessary to remove or destroy the bark on the lower 
portion of the trunks or on the stumps if it is not infested with the 
destructive beetle, and it is not necessary to cut or treat dead trees 
from which the beetles have emerged. 
(7) It is necessary and essential that the broods of the destructive 
beetle in the bark of any portion of the main trunks of the medium 
to larger sized dying infested trees of any given locality should be 
destroyed. 
(7) If the wood of the infested trees can be utilized for fuel, 
lumber, or other purposes, its value should cover the cost of the 
work. If the work of felling and barking the trees is done at direct 
expense, the cost will average 20 to 30 cents per tree. 
(hk) The cost of protecting the living timber of any locality with 
average infestation should not exceed an average of from 1 to 5 cents 
per acre for the total area of pine-covered land, and if estimated on 
a basis of volume it should not cost over 2 cents per cord of the living 
timber protected. \ 
(i) The best time to conduct control operations against the south- 
ern pine beetle is during the period between November 1 and March 1. 
(j) If a pine tree standing among or near a grove of woods of 
living pine is either struck by lightning or felled and barked or split 
into cordwood during the summer and early fall, it will, as a rule, 
attract the beetles within a radius of three or four miles and result 
in the starting of a new center of infestation and in the death of a 
large number of trees. It is dangerous to cut pine trees in the sum- 
mer months when the southern pine beetle is killing trees in the 
neighborhood. 
(k) The principal owners of pine in each community should co- 
operate in the disposal of the required infestation, but should not 
undertake the work until some one or more of the owners is suffict- 
ently familiar with the essential details of the proper methods. 
REQUIREMENTS FOR SUCCESS. 
To succeed in any effort to protect the living pine from the destruc- 
tive attacks of the southern pine beetle the broods of the beetle in 
the bark of the main trunk of the dying infested trees must be de- 
stroyed before they leave the bark. This may be done by utilizing 
the infested trunk, adopting one or more of the methods given, or 
by treatment at direct expense in cases where the wood can not be 
utilized. 
The attainment of the best success from the practical application of 
any of these methods will depend on their adaptation to local con- 
