10 Farmers’ Bulletin 1198. 
ventilation during the honey-flow, when they are more active than 
at other times. It is sometimes advantageous to push one of the 
supers or the cover forward or backward on the hive far enough to 
make an opening for additional ventilation. Some beekeepers bore 
a hole an inch or more in diameter in one end of each super. These 
holes can be closed easily with a metal slide or a cork when not needed. 
It is usually not advisable to attempt to give ventilation in or be- 
tween comb-honey supers because the bees are slow to seal honey 
adjacent to such openings, but ventilation may be given between the 
first comb-honey super and the brood-chamber by sliding the lower 
super forward far enough to 
form an opening for ventila- 
tion at the back. 
The location of the apiary 
should be such that there is 
a good circulation of air 
throughout the yard. Apia- 
ries are sometimes located in 
hot nooks, where there is little 
circulation of air, and this 
usually results in an abnormal 
tendency to swarm. 
SHADE. 
Protection of the hives and 
supers from the direct rays of 
the sun during the hottest part 
© M4 Ap 
NYA 
EN 
| of the day should decrease the 
NT tendency to swarm. Covers 
made of a single thickness’ of 
lumber, if unprotected, may 
‘ause great discomfort to the 
bees and may compel them to 
leave the supers during the 
heat of the day, which is a 
condition favorable to swarming. To prevent this, shade-boards 
large enough to project beyond the edges of the hive (fig. 2) may be 
used over the covers. These should be adjusted with one edge even 
with the north side of the hive so that the extra width projects on the 
south side, and there should be a space between the hive cover and 
the shade board to permit a circulation of air. The double covers 
which have an air space between the inner and outer parts afford 
more protection from the sun’s rays than do single covers. but these 
do not shade the sides of the supers. 
hive on south side. 
