16 Farmers’ Bulletin 1198. 
added to those emerging rapidly in the brood-chamber, give a large 
number of bees there which must remain unemployed until they are 
old enough for field work, thus causing a condition highly conducive 
to swarming. There is, therefore, a critical period not only just be- 
fore the bees take possession of the first super of the season, but to a 
certain extent just previous to the giving of each additional super. 
During the early part of the honey-flow when swarming is immi- 
nent additional supers should be supplied as the bees need them, 
before any of the workers are crowded back to the brood-chamber. 
If the honey-flow is good, the additional supers should be given as 
fast as the bees can be induced to occupy them, in order that the 
expansion of the work and the room in the supers shall keep pace 
with the oncoming of the young workers. Each newly added super 
should be so accessible. comfortable, attractive, and advantageously 
placed that young bees will come up and occupy it at once, which 
they may fail to do if newly added supers are too hot, too cold, too 
remote, difficult to ventilate, or otherwise unattractive. Supers 
should be snug and warm during cool weather and protected from 
too much heat during hot weather. During the latter part of the 
honey-flow, as the swarming season begins to wane, the bees may be 
crowded as to super room to induce them to finish the work well and 
concentrate the honey in fewer supers, but by this time there is less 
danger of swarming. | 
SPACE FOR THE EVAPORATION OF NECTAR. 
Super room should be adequate not only for the storage of ripened 
honey but also for the distribution of the thin incoming nectar 
throughout a large surface of comb with but a small amount in euch 
cell, to facilitate the evaporation of water from the nectar. A large 
amount of comb surface is needed for this purpose in regions where 
the nectar is especially thin when it is first brought in. In arid 
climates not so much extra room is needed for the evaporation of 
nectar as in humid climates. When all the cells available for ripen- 
ing nectar are in use during a heavy honey-flow a slowing down of 
the work of the colony must follow, for the bees will not fill the cells 
full of raw nectar. When nectar is thin and abundant, the evaporat- 
ing space may all be in use before much honey has actually been 
stored, which may result in a stagnation of the work of the colony, 
and in turn may increase the tendency to swarm. For this reason 
it is usually necessary to give more supers during the honey-flow 
than are actually filled with ripened honey. 
TIERING UP SUPERS. 
In producing comb-honey if the honey-flow is good and swarming 
is imminent each newly added super may be placed immediately 
