Swarm Control. 19 
to the tendency to swarm, especially when the bees crowd in great 
masses in the space below the frames and in the lower portion of the 
brood-chamber, as they usually do when they are in their hives tem- 
porarily during the honey-flow. 
In extracted-honey production it is not difficult by good manage- 
ment to prevent a crowding of the brood-nest during the honey-flow 
by either young bees or field bees, except in the last two cases men- 
tioned. Both of these conditions are frequently encountered, espe- 
cially in the northeastern portion of the United States in the clover 
region. There is, of course, no way by which the field bees can be 
prevented from staying in their hives in either case, even if it were 
desirable to do so, but by providing a deep space below the frames 
and an abundance of ventilation, together with adequate protection 
from the direct rays of the sun, the discomfort of the colony brought 
about by the field bees within the hive during the day may be con- 
siderably relieved. 
To prevent swarming to the greatest extent it is necessary to induce 
most of the hive workers to leave the brood-nest early in their lives 
to take up work in the supers, so that the bees of the hive are distrib- 
uted over a large comb surface which in turn should stimulate the 
field bees to go to the field in greater numbers. During the heat of 
the day no more bees should remain within the brood-chamber than 
are needed for the work to be done there. Such a distribution and 
employment of the hive workers usually induces the field workers to 
put forth the greatest energy in gathering nectar. 
NATURAL SWARMING. 
After having used all the known preventive measures, there will 
still be some colonies that attempt to swarm in certain locations dur- 
ing some seasons even in extracted-honey production, and in comb- 
honey production a large percentage of colonies may attempt to 
swarm. In either case, but especially in extracted-honey production, 
some of these swarms are probably a result of the imperfect applica- 
tion of preventive measures in time to prevent the beginning of the 
series of events which lead up to the actual issuing of the swarm. 
Except in certain localities, the beekeeper whose equipment and man- 
agement meet the requirements previously outlined in this bulletin 
as swarm preventive measures should be troubled little by swarming 
if extracted honey is being produced. 
CORRECTION OF CONGESTION BY SWARMING. 
The conditions within the brood-chamber are changed greatly by 
swarming, both in the swarm and in the parent colony. In the 
swarm there are no very young bees and, of course, no emerging 
