16 Farmers’ Bulletin 1215. 
almost cease brood-rearing and thus endanger the very life of the 
colony. In the absence of a fall honey-flow this danger is acute. 
In addition to seeing that each colony has a vigorous queen pre- 
vious to August 1, the most important requirement is the leaving 
of abundant stores for the bees during this critical brood-rearing 
period. This is more necessary in the clover region than in many 
other places in the country, and it is an especially important con- 
sideration in apiaries where extracted honey is produced, as in this 
case the brood-chamber is usually short of adequate stores. 
If the bees are to be wintered outside, the best plan is to leave 
with each colony a second hive-body and plan to winter it in the two 
hive-bodies, as will be discussed later.. The upper hive-body should 
be practically full of honey, and this will usually be the case if this 
food chamber has been on the hive all summer. This provides a 
sufficient amount of stores, not only for fall and winter, but also for 
the period of the spring brood: -rearing when the bees must have large 
quantities of honey. 
_ If the bees are to be wintered in the cellar, as in the far north, it 
is often not convenient to winter them in vette bodies, but in 
this event the beekeeper must. save this amount of honey to be given to 
the bees as soon as needed in the spring if a full colony is to be reared 
in time for clover. 
When comb-honey is produced the beekeeper should have for 
each colony a second hive-body to be used as here indicated. Too 
many comb-honey producers fail to have this, and as a result their 
bees are often not ready for the clover honey-flow. . 
The requirements of the colonies for late summer are, therefore, 
a. young queen and two stories for each hive, the upper one practically 
full of honey. Nothing else that the beekeeper may do at this time 
will materially contribute to the welfare of the colony. 
WINTER CARE. 
Because the honey-flow in the clover region comes so soon after 
the beginning of brood-rearing in the spring, wintering is the most 
important problem confronting the beekeeper. Throughout the 
region the winters are severe, making necessary considerable pro- 
tection of the colonies. In most seasons the bees are confined to 
the hives without opportunity for flight for a considerable period, 
sometimes as much as 20 weeks. Bees must have stores of high 
quality during such confinement or they will suffer from dysentery. 
It is especially important that the honey immediately adjacent to 
the cluster be good, since this is the part used in the winter. If in 
the fall the beekeeper finds that these stores are of poor quality, he 
can correct this by feeding each colony about 10 pounds of either a 
