‘94 Farmers’ Bulletin 1215. 
_ opportunity for this where there are honey-plants of limited cistribu- 
tion near enough so that they may be reached by a night’s run by 
automobile truck. 
In case of a later honey-flow the time of requeening will probably 
be earlier than is usually best for the clover region. In order that the 
young queens may have time for the building up of a good colony. 
for a late honey-flow, requeening may be done in connection with 
swarm control. This procedure will be found discussed in detail in 
Farmers’ Bulletin 1198. 
DISEASE CONTROL. 
It is unfortunately true that both of the serious diseases of the 
brood of bees, American foulbrood and European foulbrood, are 
present in most parts of the clover region. The beekeeper must plan 
his work so as to have the control of these diseases constantly in mind. 
There seems to be no hope of the eradication of these diseases from 
the region. 
European foulbrood is a disease of weak colonies in spring and 
early summer, being especially destructive in colonies of black bees. 
It has long been known to beekeepers of this region that when there 
is a failure of the clover honey-flow this disease is much worse. If the 
practices of beekeeping herein given are followed carefully, the bee- 
keeper will have his colonies in such condition that they can success- 
fully combat this disease, and no further precautions will be necessary 
aside from providing the right kind of queens. If the disease con- 
tinues to be troublesome this is proof that the methods of beekeeping 
are not such as to insure the best honey-crop from the clovers. For 
fuller details regarding the prevention and control of this disease 
the reader is referred to Farmers’ Bulletin 975. 
American foulbrood is not, unfortunately, a disease which can be 
prevented by the practice of good beekeeping methods, and the shak- 
ing treatment is necessary if this disease appears. This is described 
fully in Farmers’ Bulletin 1084. If there is much American foul- 
brood in the neighborhood, each colony should be examined for dis- 
ease early in the season, soon after unpacking if they are wintered 
outdoors, so that every colony found to have the disease may be 
treated early in the clover honey-flow. If the disease is discovered 
after the clover honey-flow, its eradication is more difficult. If the 
- ease is mild it is safer to contract the entrance and wait for the fall 
honey-flow before treating, but in the absence of a fall honey-flow 
the bees may be treated after brood-rearing ceases by the fall treat- 
ment. Details of this treatment are given in Farmers’ Bulletin 1084. 
If a bad case of the disease is found after the clover honey-flow, it is 
not safe to postpone treatment. No colony should ever be packed 
for outdoor wintering in which the disease is known to be present. 
