4 Farmers’ Bulletin 1217. 
year (1907) a loss of not less than 50,000,000 bushels of oats and 
wheat in Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Seventy per cent of the 
wheat acreage in Texas was abandoned that year because of the 
ravages of this formidable pest. 
Smaller outbreaks occurred in 1911 and 1916 and outbreaks will 
continue to occur in the future unless growers generally adopt the 
control measures described in this bulletin. This statement applies 
especially to Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Missouri, where the 
pest is present in greater or less numbers almost constantly and 
requires merely the advent of favorable conditions to become the 
agent of disaster to the wheat and oats crops. 
22, 
. 
.—Map showing the known distribution of the spring grain-aphis in the United 
Fig. 2 
States and Canada. (Webster and Phillips.) 
While the green-bug can exist to some extent on a wide variety of 
grass-like plants, including most of the small grains, it is injurious 
principally to oats and wheat. For this reason these plants must 
be considered as its favorite hosts and should receive the closest of 
attention in all control methods which may be adopted. 
Outbreaks of the green-bug may be expected in the lower Mis- 
sissippi Basin States during the early spring, following a mild win- 
ter, especially should the spring prove to be a cool, backward one. 
This is due to the ability of the pest to multiply constantly at com- 
paratively low temperatures, under which its controlling agencies 
are dormant. 
LIFE HISTORY. 
The life history of the green-bug is a peculiarly complicated one 
and for this reason will not be described in detail in this brief, 
