— eee 
INSECT AND FUNGOUS ENEMIES OF THE GRAPE. 
A. L. QUAINTANCE, Entomologist in Charge, Fruit Insect Investigations, Bureau 
of Entomology, and C, L. SHEAR, Pathologist, Fruit-Disease Investigations, 
Bureau of Plant Industry. 
CONTENTS. 
Page. Page. 
anect enemies: — set Cee 3 Fungous diseases_______________ nuts 47 
Insects attacking the fruit and blos- eae tes oes SN ot) Se es 49 
sloittls} ee See ----------- 4 Wom y wmiilde weave 51 
The grape-berry moth _________ 4 Powdery mildew______________ 54 
The grape curculio _____-__--_- 8 TEA TAGN ORE ee eet 5D 
‘The grape blossom midge______ 9 ENED sr been teens ue she Ne pee 56 
The green June beetle_________ all 12s Bear pa ae pea eS 59 
eee ans BA Seteriese Tesi pe er 13 Crown gall of grape_____ a eS 61 
Insects injuring the foliage and buds_ 3 Less important diseases __-—__~ 62 
The grape leafhopper_____-___ 13%) Inpechicides === sae el sera ae 65 
The grape leaf-folder__________ 18 Arsenate oflerde so. 2) a2 65 
Bie rase-chaters - 8 fab. 20 Nicotine ‘solution 2422.2 — = 65 
The eight-spotted forester_____ 23 Rosin’ fish-oil soap.) -- > 66 
The grape plume moth________ 24 Self-boiled lime-sulphur mixture_ 66 
The brown grape aphis________ 25 Kerosene emulsion____________ 67 
The grape flea-beetle__________ 26 Honeieide smears 0) 68 
The grape leaf skeletonizer____ 28 Bordeaux mixture —-. 9. - GS 
Climbing euiworms==— 222 =~ — 29 Neutral copper acetate________ 7 
Wye eali-mukers <2 sn ko 30, “Sprayers meraee ween es De an Se 70 
a wkemochsees totes) ae sities 33 Bucket pumpsh. 2 a 70 
Insects affecting the canes_________ 35 Small compressed-air pumps___ rel 
MnO eZ PADO SCALE 2 ioe 35 PADRE Na OTS so A he 71 
The grape mealybug__________ 36 Spraying outfits for large opera- 
The grape cane-borer_________ 38 LH LONTYS 2th Oe T2 
The grape cane gall-maker___. 39 Gasoline power sprayers_______— 72 
The grape cane-girdler_______ 59) »DuStine-apparatus=-_ =. 27 = 73 
Insects affecting the roots_________ 40 Spraying accessories____-____-__~— 74 
The grape rootworm—_________ “41 Spray nozzles ______ RUS ES 74 
The California grape rootworm_ 43 Strainersee ee se ao ee 74 
The grapevine root-borer_____. 43 Grape-spraying schedule__________~ 74 
The grape phylloxera__________ 45 
INSECT ENEMIES. 
HE INSECT ENEMIES of the grape in the United States im- 
portant at the present time are native American species, feed- 
ing originally, even as now, on various wild species of grapes and 
related plants. When vineyards were planted and the grape-grow- 
ing industry extended, many species attacked the cultivated varieties 
and some few have become exceedingly troublesome pests. Per- 
haps no horticultural crop so well illustrates the serious loss which 
may result from native species of insects attacking cultivated varie- 
ties of their natural wild food plants as does the grape. 
Of the large list of species of insects known to feed on the grape 
in the United States those treated herein include the ones of prin- 
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