Insect and Fungous Enemies of the Grape. 5 
The insect occurs from Canada south to the Gulf and westward to 
the Great Plains States. It has been reported in injurious numbers 
in New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Missouri, Maryland, 
Texas, Virginia, and Canada. It is rather chronically troublesome 
in northern Ohio vineyards, as a result probably of a combination of 
causes. The extensive cultivation of the late maturing variety, Ca- 
tawba, favors the development of the second brood of larve, which 
are mostly able to mature and find winter quarters in and around the 
vineyard before the crop is harvested. The practice in this region 
of plowing the earth to the vines in late fall and plowing it away again 
in the spring is a procedure that best insures the successful hiberna- 
tion of the.insect by cover- 
ing up the pup in the 
leaves under the trellises; 
also the system principally 
employed for training the 
vines—namely, the fan sys- 
tem—is less favorable to 
the thorough application of 
sprays than are systems of 
training mostly in vogue in 
the Erie-Chautauqua grape 
belt. In the latter region 
the occurrence of this in- 
sect in seriously injurious 
numbers is more sporadic 
and local; nevertheless the 
amount of injury occa- 
sioned by it is on the aver- 
age quite important. It 
appears that in the com- 
mercial grape-growing dis- 
tricts of Michigan, as in the neighborhood of Benton Harbor, Paw 
Paw, and Lawton, the grape-berry moth has not thus far proved 
to be of importance. Neither is the insect known to occur in the vine- 
yard areas of California. 
Fic. 2.—Cocoons of grape-berry moth as found 
on fallen grape leaf, 
LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS. 
The insect passes the winter in the pupal condition in fallen grape 
leaves in the vineyard (fig. 2). Most of the insects occur in the damp 
and decayed leaves along the rows of vines rather than in the drier 
leaves, which are blown readily here and there by the wind. Moths 
(fig. 3) from hibernating pupz begin to appear in the spring when 
the shoots of the grape are well out, and continue to emerge for some 
weeks. The earlier appearing moths deposit their eggs on the blos- 
