8 Farmers’ Bulletin 1220. 
as good results as if additional applications were made with conse- 
quent danger of spray residue on the fruit at harvest time. On vines 
where the grape leafhopper is troublesome, there should be added to 
the second spray 40 per cent nicotine sulphate at the rate of + pint to 
each 50 gallons, or about 4 fluid ounce to each 5 gallons of spray. 
(See p. 65.) 
In commercial vineyards the arsenate of lead is generally used 
in Bordeaux mixture and the so-called trailer method of spraying 
(fig. 76) is recommended. This plan merely consists in the employ- 
ment of two leads of hose with short spray rods to be handled by 
men on the ground, thus permitting much more thorough application 
of the liquid than by 
a fixed nozzle sys- 
tem. On pages 74- 
75 a schedule for the 
season of spraying 
grapes is given, 
which under ordi- 
nary conditions will 
afford maximum 
protection from im- 
portant grape in- 
sects and diseases. 
In the home vine- 
yard it will often 
be practicable to 
rake up and burn 
the earlier falling 
oo leaves, thus destroy- 
Tic, 7.—Feeding marks of grape curculio on grape leaf. ing many SLe Ree 
berry moth pupe. 
Commercial vineyards should be so treated as to leave the fallen 
foliage under the trellises as much exposed to the weather as possible. 
From the grape-berry moth standpoint, fall plowing of the earth to 
the vines is undesirable as covering and protecting the hibernating 
pupee under the trellises. 
THE GRAPE CURCULIO.? 
The grape curculio periodically attracts attention on account of 
the injury it does to the grape which in some localities has been quite 
severe. Important losses have been noted as occurring in Ohio, West 
Virginia, Illinois, Kentucky, and Arkansas. It occurs from New 
England south to Florida, and westward to Minnesota, Missouri, and 
Arkansas. 
2 Craponius inaequalis Say. 
