Insect and Fungous Enemies of the Grape. 11 
the larvee burrowing beneath the soil where they construct cocoons in 
which they remain until the following spring. Pupation begins in 
late April, the adults emerging in time to deposit eggs in the earlier 
blooming varieties of grapes. _ 
One very important chalcid parasite* has been reared from the 
grubs, as well as from those of the Catalpa midge, and is probably of 
considerable importance in keeping the insect in check. Unfortu- 
nately no very effective control measures for this insect are known. 
Experiments made by the Geneva, N. Y., Agricultural Experiment 
Station indicate that a nicotine extract 
sprayed over the plants will aid in re- 
ducing the number of eggs deposited. 
THE GREEN JUNE BEETLE.’ 
The green June beetle is frequently 
complained of locally as destroying 
bunches of ripened or nearly ripened 
grapes. It attacks also other fruits, as 
peaches, plums, pears, figs, etc., and corn 
when in a milky condition. The insect 
occurs throughout the Southern States 
and along the Atlantic coast to about the 
region of southern New York. In the 
Southwest it is replaced by a related 
form with similar life history. The 
green June beetle, or fig eater, as it is 
called in the South, is dull green in 
color, more or less brownish on the 
sides. The females are somewhat larger 
than the males, averaging about an inch 
in length. The beetles appear when 
early sorts of grapes, peaches, etc., are 
ripening, often in large numbers, as 15 to Fic. 10.—Grape blossom cluster 
90 beetles to a single bunch of grapes, ed by masuots of erae 
which may be quickly destroyed, only 
the empty hulls remaining (fig. 11). When disturbed the beetles fly 
away with a buzzing noise, some falling downward, others darting 
away above the vines. 
The parent beetle lays her eggs in the soil and the young grubs 
burrow freely through the earth, feeding on decaying vegetable 
matter. There is only one generation each year, the winter being 
passed in the immature larva stage, growth being completed the 
following spring. The prevalence of this pest is thought to be con- 
nected with the occurrence adjacent to vineyards of decaying veg- 
etable matter, as composts and old stable manure, or land which has 
*Zatropis catalpae Crawford. 5 Cotinis nitida L. 
