Insect and Fungous Enemies of the Grape. P| 
of one or two weeks. The new brood of beetles feed upon the 
foliage of the grape and other plants, going into hibernation in the 
fall under trash in and around vineyards, appearing the next spring 
in time to attack the swelling buds of the grape. This flea-beetle is 
a native species and occurs very generally throughout the eastern 
half of the United States, its western lim- 
its being Minnesota, Nebraska, Kansas, 
and Texas. In addition to cultivated and 
wild grapes, it has been reported as feed- 
ing on Virginia creeper, plum, apple, pear, 
quince, blue or water beech, elm, etc. 
CONTROL. 
Vineyards regularly sprayed with ar- 
senicals and Bordeaux mixture for other 
grape pests are not so likely to be injured 
by the flea-beetle as are others. The insect 
thrives best in neglected vineyards, and in 
these may become quite abundant and de- 
structive. Where it is desired to treat for F16. 27.—The grape flea-beetie. 
this insect only, as during outbreaks, the ast Were 
vines should be thoroughly sprayed with an arsenical just as the 
buds are beginning to swell, or somewhat earlier. A close lookout 
must be kept for the first signs of the. beetles and the poison 
applied immediately. De- 
lay of a day or so may 
mean the loss of the buds, 
and hence serious injury to 
the fruit crop. In the small 
home vineyard it will often 
be practicable to search out 
the beetles during the 
morning, when they are 
sluggish, and remove them 
by hand. Destruction of 
the larvee when feeding on 
the foliage may be effected 
by the use of an arsenical, 
such as arsenate of lead. 
In spraying for the adults, or beetles, the poison should be used 
stronger than ordinarily—that is, 2 pounds of the powdered 
arsenate of lead or 4 pounds of the paste to each 50 gallons of 
spray. 
Fic. 28.—Hggs of grape flea-beetle. Much enlarged. 
