Insect and Fungous Enemies of the Grape. 81 
grape cane gall-maker (p. 39), the vine Erinose, etc. There is a 
series of galls resulting from the work of small midges, or gnatlike 
flies, to be found on leaves, tendrils, blossom buds, and blossom 
clusters, which are sufficiently abundant some seasons to cause con- 
siderable injury, though as a rule their importance is not great. 
These small flies are representatives of a large family of insects 
which produce galls on many widely different plants. Although 
numerous species of gall midges attack the grape, the following will 
serve as examples of these insects and their injuries: 
Fig, 82.—Grapevine tomato gall on grape blossom. 
THE GRAPEVINE TOMATO GALL." 
The grapevine tomato gall with its associate (Dasyneura vitis Felt) 
is probably more complained of than any other attacking the grape. 
The general appearance of these galls is shown in figures 32 and 33. 
The irregular, succulent galls occur on wild and cultivated grapes, 
often in a mass, suggesting at times a group of smal] tomatoes, and 
hence the common name. The galls may be on the leaves, leaf stalk, 
tendrils, or stalks of the fruit clusters. They vary in color from 
greenish yellow to reddish, the latter color being often the pre- 
dominant one. When cut open several cells will be found and in 
each, at the proper time, an orange-yellow larva, the grub or maggot 
of the parent midge. When mature the grubs escape the galls 
14 Lasioptera vitis O. S. 
