86 Farmers’ Bulletin 1220. 4 
Badly infested vines have a dirty white, whitewashed appearance, 
‘the infestation occurring on the 2-year-old canes. When abundant 
the scales materially check the growth of the vines. The rate of 
spread of the insect is slow, however, as the insect has been observed 
to occur for several seasons on a given vine in a row without spread- 
ing to adjacent vines. During May and June there develop from 
the parent insect some 35 to 50 living young which, after a brief 
period of activity, settle down on the canes, mostly in rows under the 
exfoliated bark of the previous season’s growth (fig. 36). By fall 
the scales are nearly grown, and in this condition they pass the winter. 
There is probably but 
one brood each year. 
CONTROL. 
The grape scale is 
not difficult to control. 
The best treatment 
ough application dur- 
ing the dormant period 
of winter-strength 
lime-sulphur wash as 
used for the San Jose 
scale. Previous to the 
application of the 
spray, loose bark 
should be removed 
from the vines as much 
as practicable, since 
many of the insects are 
Fic. 37.—A mealybug. Considerably enlarged. well protected by the 
shreds of bark. This 
scale will also yield to applications of strong soap washes and kero- 
sene emulsion. 
THE GRAPE MEALYBUG.” 
The grape mealybug (see fig. 37, illustrating a related species) has 
recently become known as a pest of grapes in California, especially 
in the counties of Fresno and Kings. Infestation of grapes has also 
been noted elsewhere in the State. The damage is not done by at- 
tack of the insects on the plant, but results from the soiling of the 
fruit by the copious honeydew voided by the mealybugs in the course 
of their feeding. This excrementitious matter accumulates on the 
fruit in various sized drops, causing the adherence of dirt, wax, and 
cast skins of the insects. It largely prevents use of the fruit as table 
21 Pseudococcus bakeri Essig. 
consists in the thor- — 
