68 Farmers’ Bulletin 1220. 
of water for each gallon of stock solution. Agitate the mixture in 
all cases after adding the water. 
The preparation of the emulsion may be simplified by the use of a 
naphtha soap. No heat will be required, as the kerosene will combine 
readily with the naphtha soap in water when thoroughly agitated. 
If naphtha soap is used, twice as much will be required as is given 
for the other kinds of soap in the foregoing formula, and soft or rain 
water should be used in making the emulsion. In regions where the 
water is “hard” this should first be “broken” with a little caustic 
potash or soda, or common lye, before use for solution, to prevent the 
soap from combining with the lime or magnesia present, thus liberat- 
ing some of the kerosene; or rain water may be employed. 
FUNGICIDES. 
BORDEAUX MIXTURE. 
The form of Bordeaux mixture which has been found most effec- 
tive in the control of grape diseases is composed of 4 pounds of blue- 
stone (copper sulphate) and 3 pounds of stone lime to 50 gallons of 
water. To prepare Bordeaux mixture for use in an ordinary barrel 
sprayer, dissolve 4 pounds of bluestone in 25 gallons of water and 
in a separate container slake 3 pounds of stone lime and dilute to 25 
gallons; then pour these solutions simultaneously through a strainer 
into the spray barrel and stir thoroughly. When a considerable 
number of vines are to be sprayed it will be most convenient and 
economical to prepare the bluestone and lime in the form of stock 
solutions by dissolving in a barrel a quantity of bluestone at the rate 
of 1 pound to 1 gallon of water. The bluestone should be suspended 
in a sack in the upper part of the barrel or other wooden container so 
that it is just beneath the surface of the water. It will dissolve if 
left overnight in cold water and more quickly if hot water is used. 
Stock solutions of lime are made by slaking the desired quantity of 
lime in a small quantity of water and then diluting so that 1 gallon 
of water contains 1 pound of the lime. 
Before using the stock solutions, especially the lime, they should 
be thoroughly stirred. To prepare 50 gallons of Bordeaux mixture 
from the stock solutions, take 4 gallons of stock solution of blue- 
stone and 3 gallons of stock solution of lime. If any other form of 
lime than good stone lime is used it will probably be necessary to use 
4 pounds to 50 gallons, especially when arsenate of lead is also used. 
Dilute them in separate containers and pour them together into the 
spray tank. Unless the solutions are diluted at the time they are 
poured into the spray tank, it is necessary to agitate the mixture thor- 
oughly as the materials are being poured in. A very satisfactory 
Bordeaux mixture can be made by pouring the stock solution of blue- 
