90 Farmers’ Bulletin 1222. 
placed in the first or lowest hive-body (fig. 6, C). A queen-excluder 
should then be placed over this lowest hive-body. On top of this 
should be placed two supers or hive-bodies for the storage of honey 
and above these the hive-bodies containing brood. This operation 
separates the queen and the brood by the space of two hive-bodies 
and this will act as a preventive to further efforts to swarm, at least 
during the short time of the honey-flow from the tulip-tree. Ten 
days later it may be necessary to remove queencells from the brood 
on top of the hives, although this is not always necessary even if 
queens are reared so far above the new brood-chamber. The hive- 
body which was formerly the second story will contain ten frames 
and not eight as in the supers, and this is the hive-body which should 
be left with the bees after the removal of the supers. 
In producing comb-honey or bulk comb-honey, the control of 
swarming must be by other means than the one here given. For 
methods applicable for such cases the reader is referred to Farmers’ 
Bulletin 1039, “ Commercial Comb-Honey Production,” in which 
swarm control in comb-honey production is discussed. Methods in 
producing bulk comb-honey will be the same as for comb-honey. For 
a general discussion of swarm-control methods, the reader is referred 
to Farmers’ Bulletin 1198. 
REMOVAL OF THE HONEY-CROP. 
The outfit needed for extracting and the methods to be employed 
will depend on the size of the apiaries maintained. Special atten- 
tion should be called to the necessity of having abundant supers to 
hold the heavy honey-flow from the tulip-tree and to provide room 
for ripening before extraction. <A failure to provide these may re- 
sult in a loss of half the crop. It is customary to use eight frames 
with wider spacing in a 10-frame super. If foundation is being 
drawn in the supers not less than nine should be used. While effi- 
ciency in methods of extracting is important in enabling the bee- 
keeper to maintain a large number of colonies, this phase of the work 
has been so fully discussed in the books devoted to beekeeping that 
it does not seem best to attempt to include it in the present bulletin. 
This part of the work in the tulip-tree region will be the same as in 
other beekeeping regions, and the consideration of first importance 
is the production of honey to extract. 
PREPARATION FOR LATER HONEY-FLOWS. 
If following the honey-flow from the tulip-tree there is reason to 
expect a honey-flow from another species of plant, as from sourwood 
in part of this region, the beekeeper must leave the bees in condition 
