Beekeeping in the Tulip-Tree Region. 21 
after the tulip-tree ceases to bloom so that brood-rearing will be con- 
tinued almost without interruption. The honey should not all be 
taken from the bees at this time, but they should be left with at least 
two hive-bodies, the upper one well filled with honey. Since honey 
from the tulip-tree is dark and strong, some beekeepers prefer to 
use it for brood-rearing and to take away all the honey from sour- 
wood or other light honeys. Large quantities of stores will be needed 
for the proper maintenance of the bees during the interval until sour- 
wood blooms and there could be no greater mistake than to confine 
the bees to one hive-body with only a small amount of honey. 
As a further aid to maintaining the rearing of brood, it might 
be desirable to requeen all colonies during or just at the end of the 
honey-flow from the tulip-tree. This should not be done at this time 
unless there is an interval of at least six weeks before the next 
honey-flow is expected. The best time for requeening is discussed 
elsewhere. 
DISEASE CONTROL. 
Bees are subject to two infectious diseases of the brood which 
sometimes cause serious loss to the beekeeper. American foulbrood 
is found in a few localities in the tulip-tree region, and the shaking 
treatment which is necessary for this disease is described in Farmers’ 
Bulletin 1084, to which the reader is referred. In case this disease 
is encountered, the best time to treat it will be during the tulip-tree 
honey-flow. 
A few cases of European foulbrood have been found in this region. 
With the methods of beekeeping practice herein described, however, 
there will be no danger of loss from this disease, for the things here 
advocated are exactly the practices which are used for the preven- 
tion of the disease. For details the reader is referred to Farmers’ 
Bulletin 975. Young, vigorous Italian queens and conditions favor- 
able for the rapid building up of the colony in early spring are the 
two factors in preventing this disease, and in this region they are 
the two factors which bring the honey-crop. The good beekeeper 
of this region need not, therefore, fear this disease. In case it is 
discovered, this is conclusive proof that the methods of the apiary 
are not the best for the region. Steps should then be taken to get 
the disease under control by remedial measures and from that time 
on the beekeeper will find it greatly to his advantage to follow the 
plans for beekeeping herein set forth. In the Shenandoah Valley 
there is a great deal of European foulbrood. This valley lies within 
the limits here given for the tulip-tree but this species does not 
thrive on the valley floor, and this gives a better chance for the dis- 
ease to develop and spread. The chief source of honey in the valley 
