18 Farmers’ Bulletin 1223. 
The spray-delivery system should consist of 25-foot leads of high- 
pressure hose, fitted with 12-foot bamboo-coyered extension rods, 
which enable the operator to cover wide areas, thus reducing the num- 
ber of trips of sprayer and horses. The rods should be, and usually 
are, fitted with cut-offs, by which the spray may be at once stopped 
when it is desired to change position, avoiding waste of material. The 
large chambered type of nozzle, illustrated in figures 6 and 7, will 
give the widest sweep of spray. It is of advantage to increase the 
nozzle capacity to an even greater extent by placing two of these 
nozzles ona Y. The 
nozzles must be 
angled, not straight, 
and this should be 
specified in ordering 
equipment. The 
hose should be 
trussed to wagon 
bed or engine cover 
(see fig. 7) to keep 
it from dragging 
down the wheat, es- 
pecially when spray- 
ing high wheat. 
For mixing spray 
preparations, es pe - 
cially where an 
emulsion is required, 
a good mixer is of 
the utmost impor- 
tance. It is possible 
to obtain an emul- 
sion (a uniform sus- 
pension of oil in 
minute particles in water) by stirring with a loop-wire, hotel-size egg- 
beater, or even a wooden paddle. There are, however, two or three 
types of moderately priced churns on the market which are so far su- 
perior to the beater as to warrant their purchase even when only a 
small quantity of insecticide is to be prepared. One of the best types 
of churn for this purpose is illustrated in figures 9 and 10. This type 
may be had in sizes from 3 to 25 gallons. All may be run by hand, 
at least up to the 16-gallon size. The larger sizes may be connected 
with a gasoline engine, as shown in figure 11, when a large quantity 
of insecticide is to be made. The churn is equally convenient for 
making both soap and emulsion. It may be cleaned and turned to 
other uses after this work is completed. 
Fic. 8.—Desirable type of hand sprayer. 
