Insects Injurious to the Mango. 91 
Besides the mango, this scale infests citrus and gallberry, guava, 
cherry laurel, sea grape, Ficus, loquat, and many other plants. 
CONTROL. 
Should it become necessary to spray for this scale, the oil emul- 
sions will be found satisfactory. As the scale possesses a hard cover- 
ing, three sprayings will perhaps be necessary to control it com- 
pletely. 
FOREIGN INSECT ENEMIES OF THE MANGO WHICH. 
SHOULD BE KEPT OUT OF THE UNITED STATES. 
In its native lands the mango has a number of very destructive 
insect enemies, which, were they to follow it and gain entrance to the 
United States, would probably prove highly destructive. The United 
States Department of Agriculture, fully aware of the possibilities of 
the introduction of dangerous foreign mango pests, has established 
rigid quarantines, and with the cooperation of the States where man- 
goes are grown is doing everything possible to protect the mango 
industry. 
_ The most serious pests of the mango in foreign lands are the fruit 
flies, of which four species are conspicuous, namely, the Queensland 
fruit fly, the mango fruit fly, the Mexican fruit fly, and the West 
Indian fruit fly. The adult flies lay their eggs on or in the fruits, 
into which the young, or larve, burrow, rendering the fruits unfit 
for food. 
The Queensland fruit fly ° is found in India, Ceylon, Java, Am- 
boina, and Australia. The adult measures about one-fourth inch in 
length, with a wing expanse of about one-half inch. The wings are 
transparent, and the body is constricted at the base and broadly 
rounded at the tip. The thorax possesses a broad, creamy, often pale, 
dorsal band. Besides the mango, this species infests the banana, 
peach, nectarine, orange, apple, cheesewood, loquat, and a number of 
other fruits. 
The mango fruit fly ?° is found in India, Java, Ceylon, Amboina, 
and the Philippine Islands. It is particularly injurious to overripe 
fruit and is the commonest species in India and Ceylon. Besides the 
mango, it infests a number of citrus fruits. The adult measures about 
one-fifth inch in length. The color is rusty red, with the upper 
surface of the thorax varying from black to rusty red, and some- 
times the abdomen is marked with almost black bands. 
* Bactrocera tryoni Froggatt. 10 Dacus ferrugineus Fabricius. 
