4 Farmers’ Bulletin 1270. 
tion of the first brood enters through the calyx or blossom end, while the 
later or summer brood worms apparently prefer to enter through the side of 
the apple. <A favorite place of entrance is at the point where two apples are 
in contact. As the codling-moth larva tunnels through the fruit, it grows 
and makes a correspondingly larger feeding area,, which becomes more or 
less packed with dark reddish brown to blackish pellets, which are gradually 
pushed out toward the entrance hole. Upon attaining their full growth, 
some larvee leave the fruit by way of their entrance holes, while others make 
their exit at another point, thus producing in the 
same apple two holes, an entrance and an exit. 
Another type of injury frequently found in the 
semi-arid fruit regions of the West, and other 
fruit districts where the codling moth is abun- 
dant, is known as the “sting” and the affected 
apples are called “stung” fruit. The typical 
“sting” is caused by a worm eating a small hole 
(about the size of a pinhead) through the skin of 
the apple, after which it makes a shallow excava- 
tion in the flesh to the depth of about one-sixteenth 
to one-eighth of an inch and sufficiently large to 
accommodate the body of the young worm. ‘These 
so-called “stings” are frequently made by larvee 
that have been poisoned but which are able to com- 
F1c.1.—Wormy apple caused plete the “sting” pocket before dying from the 
by codling moth larva enter- effects of the arsenical. Occasionally worms com- 
RENEE OOS plete a “sting” pocket and then for some un- 
known reason leave it to enter the fruit at another point. It is also quite 
possible that some larvse after having eaten through the skin are washed 
off by heavy rains or are blown or brushed off during windstorms. Although 
apples having a few “stings” usually are not damaged seriously except 
perbaps as to keeping qualities, they are nevertheless discriminated against 
by the buyers and placed in a lower grade, thus making this type of injury 
of commercial importance. 
Some codling-moth larve feed to a certain extent upon the foliage of the 
apple previous to their attack upon the fruit. They usually eat into the lower 
surface of the leaf, either along the midrib or at the juncture of a vein with the 
Fic, 2.—A worm-injured apple, showing codling moth worm in fruit (left half). 
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