oe cer 
The More Important Apple Insects. al 
and have a diameter of about one-fortieth of an inch. When freshly laid the egg 
is of a pearly white color, resembling somewhat, except for its smaller size, 
that of the codling moth. The number of generations varies with the locality, 
there being a partial second generation in the North and as many as three and a 
purtial fourth generation in the southern apple districts, 
Since the life history and habits of the lesser apple worm are quite similar to 
those of the codling moth, thorough treatments as indicated for the latter 
(p. G6) will obviate the necessity of special control measures for this pest. 
APPLE RED BUGS.* 
Most orchardists are familiar with the manner in which the plum curculio 
(p. T) and the rosy apple aphis (p. 22) dwarf and distort apples, but compara- 
tively few fruit growers are well acquainted with the somewhat similar injuries 
caused by the so-called apple red bugs, which have attracted considerable atten- 
tion in certain localities within the last decade. It is usually not difficult to dis- 
tinguish the work of the red bug on the fruit from that of the plum curculio, but 
red-bug injury May sometimes be 
more readily confused with the 
work of the rosy apple aphis, al- 
though, upon a careful examina- 
tion of the trees, the aphid-curled 
leaves surrounding the _ fruit 
would soon reveal whether the 
latter insect was _ responsible. 
Fruit injured by red bugs shows 
distinct depressions or dimples, 
while that attacked by the rosy 
apple aphis is more or less con- 
stricted and puckered about the 
ealyx or blossom end. In many 
instances all three insects may be 
present in the same orchard, the 
combined attack causing the fruit pig 13-—Apples deformed by apple red buzs. 
to become very gnarled in ap- Note the dimpled appearance. 
pearance, 
Shortly after hatching in the spring, the young red bugs or nynrphs commence 
sucking out the juices of the new foliage, the injury causing the foliage to become 
somewhat distorted and covered with small reddish spots. Later, as the fruit 
develops, the insects turn their attention to it, stunting the growth as well as dis- 
figuring it by the red-bug dimples (fig. 13). Severely attacked fruit will fre- 
quently fall to the ground, while that which is the least injured will remain on 
the tree until harvest. Late in the season the injured leaves have a very 
ragged and crinkled appearance similar to that shown in the illustration (fig. 14). 
When abundant the apple red bugs become first-class orchard pests and fre- 
quently ruin the fruit for market purposes as quickly and thoroughly as any 
insect with which the fruit grower has to contend. Red bugs, it is believed, are 
native to this country and have been reported as occurring in the New England 
States and certain of the Middle Atlantie States, as well as in Michigan and 
Canada, and are undoubtedly present in many eastern States. While these in- 
sects are primarily apple pests, they are known to attack the pear and thorn 
apple. 
*There are two species, the darker one, Heterocordylus malinus Reuter, known as the 
apple red bug, and Lygidea mendar Reuter, which is lighter in color and is called the 
false apple red bug. 
