The More Important Apple Insects. 15 
dropped fruit shortly after it falls, or pasturing hogs in the orchard, will serve 
to destroy the maggots before they have an opportunity to enter the ground. 
Another means of reducing the insect is to cultivate the orchard thoroughly 
during the early summer so as to kill the puparia before the flies begin to issue. 
APPLE LEAF-ROLLER-* 
About the time the apple buds are beginning to open in the spring the cater- 
pillars of the apple leaf-roller begin to hatch and crawl to the buds, where 
they eat minute holes in the unex- 
panded leaves. They continue to feed 
upon the unfolding leaves, which 
they web together by means of silken 
strands. Later the larvie roll up a 
single leaf or several leaves (fig. 20) 
and also web together and feed upon 
the blossom buds, often causing in 
this way considerable injury during 
the pre-blooming period. The cater- 
pillars sometimes spin very heavy 
webs, as shown in figure 21. After 
the apples have set, the caterpillars 
frequently neglect the foliage for the 
fruit, upon which they feed, protected 
more or less by surrounding webbed- 
up leaves. They eat the apples vora- 
ciously, consuming irregular patches 
of the pulp (figs. 22 and 23) and have 
been known in instances of excessive 
abundance practically to destroy en-- 
tire crops. They are especially de- 
structive in portions of Colorado and 
New Mexico, where serious outbreaks 
have occurred, and more occasionally 
in New York State. At this time 
they are attracting considerable at- 
tention in the Pacific Northwest. 
The apple leaf-roller is a native 
species, widely distributed through- 
out the United States, feeding upon 
a large variety of plants, as apple, 
pear, quince, plum, cherry, apricot.. currant, raspberry, gooseberry, and 
a large number of trees and shrubs, as well as many other agricultural 
crops. 
The winter is passed in the egg stage (fig. 24), the eggs being laid in grayish 
masses of over 100 on the trunk, limbs, and branches of the trees. The full- 
crown caterpillar is about three-fourths of an inch in length, light green in 
color, with dark brown to black head. Upon reaching maturity the larva 
transforms to a brownish pupa, usually within a rolled-up leaf (fig. 25), and 
emerges in about 10 days as a moth (fig. 25), which deposits the overwintering 
eggs. The moth is small, with a wing expanse of about three-fourths of an 
inch, the forewings being cinnamon *brown in color, with lighter markings. 
pel NE Ne Se SE EEE EE ———EE——————————————————— ie 
Fic, 20.—Leaf-roller injury to apple foliage. 
6 Archips argyrospila Walker. 
