The More Important Apple Insects. 17 
As the result of considerable experimentation it has been found that the 
apple leaf-roller is best controlled by destroying the eggs with a good miscible 
oil, used at the rate of 1 gallon to 15 gallons of water, applied during the dor- 
mmant season, preferably just before the buds swell in the spring. The spraying 
should be done on bright days to insure as rapid evaporation of the oil as pos- 
sible. In instances of severe infestations, an application of lead arsenate at the 
rate of 14 pounds of the powder or 3 pounds of the paste to 50 gallons of water 
or fungicide should be made as soon as the larvie begin hatching. There is 
also evidence that the addition of one-half pint of 40 per cent nicotine sulphate 
to each 50 gallons of spray is effective in destroying many of the newly hatched 
larve. 
ROSE-CHAFER.' 
Fruit growers are frequently alarmed by the discovery in their apple 
orchards during late May or early June of an invading horde of the rose-chafer, 
or ‘“rose-bug,” as it is sometimes’ called. 
These awkward, long-legged, yellowish brown 
beetles often skeletonize the foliage (figs. 
26 and 27) and are particularly destructive 
to the fruit by eating out irregular holes, 
thus rendering it practically worthless (fig. 
28). This insect appears every now and 
then in large numbers, especially in poorly 
eared for, untilled orchards, or in orchards 
adjacent to sandy, uncultivated land. Well- 
kept orchards, however, are sometimes seri- 
ously damaged, particularly in regions of 
light sandy soils, where the rose-chafer is 
more or less a chronic pest. 
It is found chiefly in the eastern part of 
the United States and as far west as Okla- 
homa and Coiorado. The beetles are partial 
to the rose and grape, but will attack prac-  yy¢ 25.—Apple leaf-roller_ cocoon, 
tically all kinds of vegetation, including pupal skin, and moth. HEnlarged. 
fruit and shade trees, shrubs, vegetables, etc. 
This insect passes the winter in the larva stage in an earthen cell beneath 
the surface of the soil. The full-grown larva is about three-fourths of an 
inch in length, yellowish white in color, with a light brown head, and trans- 
forms in the spring to a light brown pupa (figs. 29 and 30). The beetles 
(fig. 31), which are light yellowish brown and about one-third of an inch in 
length, with long, ungainly, spiny legs, appear early in the summer and feed 
upon the foliage and fruit, as described. The females deposit very small, white, 
oval eggs singly in the soil a few inches below the surface. The larve hatch 
in a couple of weeks and feed on decaying vegetation and on succulent roots, 
preferring those of the grasses. They reach maturity in the fall and then 
construet their small, earthen cells in which they hibernate. 
It is very difficult to combat this pest successfully, particularly when it 
arrives in swarms, as is frequently the case. While no spray materials that 
have given entire satisfaction have been discovered, some measure of protec- 
tion is afforded by one to two applications of arsenate of lead at the rate of 
2 or 3 pounds of the powder, or 4 to 6 pounds of the paste, to 50 gallons of 
eee. 5958595000 
7 Macrodactylus subspinosus Fabricius. 
92300°—22—_2 
