The More Important Apple Insects. 21 
GREEN FRUITWORM Ss’? 
Every now and then orchardists discover that some pest has eaten large 
holes in their young apples (fig. 88), but upon careful search are unable to find 
any trace of the destructive agent. In many instances injury of this character 
is due to one or more of the species of green fruitworms. It is fortunate that 
these caterpillars are not generally as abundant as some other fruit insects, 
since. during their more or less sporadic outbreaks they often cause important 
injury. They not only attack the fruit, but previous to its formation the young 
larvee eat the buds and foliage. These insects, of which there are numerous 
species, are widely disseminated in the United States and feed upon the apple, 
pear, and other common deciduous fruits, aS’ well as many forest trees. 
The life histories of the several species are somewhat similar, differing 
chiefly in that certain of them pass the winter in the moth stage, whereas the 
others hibernate as pups in the soil, either inclosed in thin, silken cocoons or 
as naked pupz. The moths are about three-fourths of an inch long when at 
rest and resemble one another closely, having in general an ash gray color. 
They ‘deposit circular - shaped 
pinkish eggs with a diameter of 
about one-fiftieth of an inch, in 
the scars of branches, particu- 
larly in leaf scars, the eggs usu- 
ally being laid previous to the 
appearance of the leaves. The 
young larve hatch from these 
eggs and commence feeding upon 
the buds and expanding foliage 
and later attack the fruit as 
soon as it develops. Upon reach- 
ES UE ANE east shecies, of Fie. 388.—Two species of green fruitworms feeding 
larvie are about 13 inches long, on foliage and young apples. 
yeilowish green, with a slender, 
light-colored stripe down the middle of the back and a wider stripe along 
each side. At the conclusion of their feeding period they enter the soil and 
there construct the pupal cells, in which they transform successively to 
pupze and moths. The pups are dark brown, a trifle over a half inch in length. 
and are to be found from i to 3 inches below the surface of the soil. 
An early application of arsenate of lead while the larvz are small is the 
most practical method of control. This application may be made during the 
pink cluster-bud stage, with 2 pounds of the powder or 4 pounds of the paste 
to 50 gallons of water or fungicide. If no spray is applied until the fruit has 
set, the worms will have developed to such a size that only very strong doses 
of the arsenical will be of value, and in any event much of the fruit will be 
damaged before the poison will take effect. 
RED-BANDED LEAF-ROLLER.” 
During the harvest orchardists sometimes note apples injured by an insect 
that has eaten out small, shallow, somewhat irregular patches just through the 
skin (fig. 39), particularly where a leaf has been in contact with the fruit. 
Injury of this nature may be due to the small, active caterpillar of the red- 
banded leaf-roller, which is known to be quite widely distributed in the United 
® Yylina spp. 10 Bulia velutinana Walker. 
