26 Farmers’ Bulletin 1270. 
to grains and grasses, as described. The Wingless viviparous female is pale 
green in color, darkening with age, and on its back are commonly found three 
longitudinal stripes of darker green. The appendages are marked with black 
near the tips. The winged viviparous female is greenish, with a glossy black 
head and thorax and with each side of the abdomen marked with a row of black 
dots and a small black patch near the base of each cornicle. The wings are 
transparent and the appendages are more or less completely black. In the fall 
migrants develop on the grains, and these return to the apple and produce the 
egg-laying females. After mat-_ 
ing with the winged males the 
sexual females deposit their 
overwintering eggs. 
If the apple-grain aphis is the 
only species present, it will 
cause but slight injury to the 
apple, and special control meas- 
ures will not be required. In 
many instances, however, some 
of the other common and more 
injurious apple aphids are at 
work, in which event spraying 
with nicotine sulphate, as rec- 
ommended for the rosy aphis 
(p. 23), will be desirable and 
will kill- the plant-lice present, 
regardless of the species. 
-ROSE LEAFHOPPER.” 
During midsummer and early 
fall the lower apple foliage is 
often more or less stippled or 
mottled with white (fig. 47). 
An examination of such leaves 
will usually reveal on the lower 
surface many small, active in- 
sects, the so-called rose. leaf- 
hopper (fig. 48). During recent years injuries by this pest have attracted 
increasing attention in certain commercial orchards. Leaves seriously in- 
fested by this hopper are unable to function properly and in extreme cases 
fall to the ground, interfering with the proper development of fruit buds and 
fruit. The leaves are not curled by this species, such injury being caused by the 
apple leafhopper (p. 27). 
The rose leafhopper is believed to have been introduced from Europe, per- 
haps on nursery stock, and is now widely distributed throughout the United 
States. Among its food plants, in addition to the rose and apple. are our com- 
mon deciduous fruits; the grape, raspberry, currant, gooseberry, and blackberry ; 
the elm, oak, etc. Rosaceous plants, however, are preferred. 
The rose leafhopper passes the winter in the egg stage. The winter eggs are 
deposited beneath the bark of the apple and other plants, especially the rose 
where available, producing small, blister-like spots, slightly crescentic in outline. 
The egg is elongate, about one-fortieth of an inch in length, and at the time of 
deposition is transparent, changing toward the close of its incubation to yel- 
Fic. 47.—Apple leaf showing mottled appearance 
due to rose leafhopper. 
1% Hmpoa rosae Linnaeus. 
