98 Farmers’ Bulletin. 1270. 
apple leafhopper is widely disseminated throughout the United States, attack- 
ing numerous plants, including most deciduous fruits, as well as shade trees, 
grasses, cereals, truck crops, and the like. ; 
The insect hibernates in the adult stage (fig. 50) beneath fallen leaves or 
other convenient shelter in the orchard or near by. It is pale green, about 
one-eighth of an inch in length, and on the thorax are two pearly white, longi- 
tudinal lines, connected by a transverse line forming the letter H. As the 
weather becomes warm in the spring the adults leave their hibernating quar- 
ters and make their way to the underside of the terminal leaves, where they 
commence feeding. Later the eggs are inserted beneath the lower epidermis 
of the leaf and in due time give rise to the nymphs. The latter are principally 
responsible for the curled and deformed condition of the foliage. 
Three generations are produced each year in the Mid- 
dle Atlantic States. the adults of the last one hibernat- 
ing as described. The eggs are very minute, cylindrical, 
about one-thirtieth of an inch in length, transparent when 
first deposited, changing later to a pale yellow. In size 
the nymphs vary according to age and in general have a 
yellowish-green color. The adults are very active .and 
when disturbed can readily dart from one limb to another 
or fly to near-by trees. 
The apple leafhopper, like the rose leafhopper, can best 
be controlled by a nicotine spray, as 40 per cent nicotine 
sulphate, at the rate of 1 part to 1,200 or 1.500 parts of 
soapy water. The spraying should be done against the 
first-brood nymphs, special attention being given. to cover- 
ing the lower surface of the leaves, and the application 
made when the insects are mostly in the third nymphal 
stage. This can be determined by frequent examinations 
of the insects on the leaves. Since lime-sulphur is fre- 
quently used as a summer spray, the nicotine sulphate 
may be combined with it, onitting, however, the soap. 
Arsenate of lead, if desired, may be added to this combi- 
nation and thus at the same time effect the control of chewing insects as well as 
of fungous diseases. 
Fic. 50.—Adult ap- 
ple leafhopper. 
Enlarged. 
BUD MOTH.” 
The little, brownish, overwintering caterpillars of this species are about 
half-grown when the apple buds begin to swell in the spring and are ready to 
ghaw into the buds when these open. Later they feed upon the expanding 
foliage (fig. 51, B), but the injury is usually greatest to fruit buds, which are 
frequently devoured to such an extent as to destroy the prospects of a crop. AS 
mentioned later, injury of a different nature is caused during the summer and 
early fall by the new generation of larve, but this damage is not so serious as 
that produced by the overwintering caterpillars. Nursery stock is sometimes 
seriously injured and the pest often is accidentally distributed through the 
sale of the infested trees. 
The bud moth was introduced into this country from Europe and easily ranks 
as the most important of the apple bud-infesting insects. It is essentially a 
7 Tmetocera ocellana Schiffermiiller, 
