30 Farmers’ Bulletin 1270. 
northern species, being found chiefly in the upper tier of States-from coast. to» 
coast, but is perhaps most numerous in the New England States, where it fre- 
quently causes a considerable loss, particularly in uasprayed or poorly cared for 
orchards. The apple is its principal host, but it will also attack pear, quimee, 
peach, cherry, plum, prune, blackberry, laurel, oak, 
and other plants. 
The bud moth, as above mentioned, passes the win- 
ter as a half-grown, dark-brown, black-headed larva, 
within a small silken case, known as a hibernaculum 
(fig. 51, A). This is composed of silk, reinforced by 
small bits of bark or leaves, and is attached to an 
apple twig. As soon as the bud scales commence to 
separate in the spring the larve begin feeding and 
continue to work on the expanding foliage and flower 
parts, usually webbing these more or less together by 
means of silken strands so as to form a protective 
covering. Some of the caterpillars continue their bur- 
Fic, 52.—Holes in apple rows through the buds into the tender twig growth. 
made by bud moth Jy early summer the caterpillars reach maturity, 
larve during summer. : - f 
when they are reddish brown, with a black head, 
and are about half an inch in length. Subsequently they transform to pup 
within a curled leaf or several leaves sewed together. The pupa (fig. 51, I) 
is brownish and about five-sixteenths of an inch in length. The small ash-gray 
moths (fig. 51, J and K), having whitish bands across the 
forewings and a wing expanse of slightly more than half 
an inch, appear shortly afterwards and deposit very small, 
oval, practically transparent eggs (fig. 51, L), which hatch 
in a week or so following their deposition. The new 
generation of larvae protect themselves with a covering 
of silk as they feed upon the foliage and often eat out 
shallow excavations through the skin of the fruit (fig. 
52), particularly where it comes in contact with a leaf. 
These small holes may sometimes be confused with the so- 
called “stings” (p. 4) made by the late broods of the 
codling moth. As fall approaches the larya builds a hiber- 
naculum, in which it spends the winter. 
Although it is somewhat diflicult to effect immediate 
control in orchards where this pest is numerous, thorough 
spraying, regularly practiced, will soon bring satisfactory 
results. The first application should be made as soon as 
the flower buds appear, and this should be followed by 
another application when the buds are in the pink cluster- 
bud stage, using in each instance 2 pounds of arsenate 
of lead powder or 4 pounds of the paste to 50 gallons of Fic. 53.—Apple bud 
water or fungicide. After the pest has been well reduced infested with lesser 
in numbers, the regular orchard sprays, as applied for bud moth  larvee, 
apple scab, the plum curculio, and the codling moth, will Mnlaneee 
ordinarily hold it in check. Where spraying is not so generally practiced, as 
in nurseries or young orchards, it will often be feasible to examine the trees 
and remove the infested leaves or else crush with the hands the insects within 
the nests. 
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