42 Farmers’ Bulletin 1270. 
summer the larvee transform to pup, from which moths issue somewhat later. 
The parent moth is dark brown (fig. 79, B), with a wing expanse of about 
1} inches. The forewings are grayish near the 
tips, merging into a dark brown near’ the body. 
The whitish, globular eggs (fig. 79, C) are de- 
posited side by side in a cluster of 50 to 100 on 
the underside of the leaf. The young larve 
upon batching are gregarious; they feed upon the 
lower leaf surface and eat out the soft paren- 
chyma (fig. 79, C). As they become older they 
feed along the edges of the leaf (fig. 79, E), con- 
suming the leaf more or less completely. Upon 
attaining their full growth the larvee construct 
cocoons for the winter in the North, whereas. in 
the South they spin very light cocoons in leaves 
or other convenient places, pupate, and finally 
transform to the adult stage, giving rise to a 
second generation. A full-grown larva (fig. 79, 
E) is about 1} inches in length, with the head 
coral red and a red hump on the fourth body 
segment. There are black and yellowish-white 
lines along the body, while on the back are two 
Fic. 80. 
necked apple caterpillar. rows of blackish spines. When at rest the rear 
end of the body is elevated. 
The red-humped apple caterpillar will readily yield to arsenate of lead 
sprayed upon the infested trees. Where this insect has been more or less 
troublesome in past years, a lookout should be kept for its first appearance 
Egg mass of yellow- 
and the arsenical applied promptly. Scattering 
colonies, if not too numerous, can often be eco- 
nomically destroyed by hand. 
YELLOW-NECKED APPLE CATERPILLAR.” 
The yellow-necked apple caterpillar is very simi- 
lar in its habits and method of feeding to the red- 
humped apple caterpillar, the injury as a rule 
being confined to individual limbs, although some- 
times entire trees are defoliated, principally in 
young orchards. Ordinarily it does very little 
damage, except during occasional years. It is 
native to America and attracts attention princi- 
pally in the Central and Northern States. It 
feeds upon the apple, pear, cherry, quince, and 
many nut and shade trees. 
The insect passes the winter in the ground near 
the surface of the soil as a naked, brownish, 
pupa slightly less than an inch in length. The 
moths appear in midsummer and deposit some 
25 to 100 eggs in flat masses (fig. 80) on the underside of the leaves. ‘The 
adult, which has a wing expanse of about 2 inches, is reddish brown, with 
the forewings crossed by three or four dark lines. The larvze feed in dense 
a 
~ Datana ministra Drury. 
Fig. 81.—Yellow-necked apple 
caterpillars. 
