- 
The More Important Apple Insects. 49 
The cocoons (fig. 97) are made among the leaves or trash on the ground and the 
pupa stage is entered for the winter. There is only one generation of the cater- 
pillars each year. and they are not likely to be 
troublesome, except during occasional years, and more 
‘or less locally. 
Orchards thoroughly sprayed with arsenicals will 
rarely require special treatment for the hickory tiger 
moth. When found in young orchards it may reaaily 
be controlled by the use of j»rsenate of lead at the 
usual. strength, the spray application being made as 
soon as the insects are detected. If the caterpillars 
when discovered are one-third grown or over, an in- 
creased amount of poison should be used. 
APPLE LEAF-CRUMPLER.” 
In the course of the winter pruning, fruit growers 
often notice a mass of leaves (fig. 98), sometimes in 
considerable abundance, rather tightly tied to twigs. 
Upon tearing open such leaf masses, there will be 
found a considerable number of tough horn-shaped 
cases, made by the apple leaf-crumpler, in which the 
larva spends the winter. Although of minor impor- 
tance, this insect has occasionally become injurious, 
particularly in nurseries and young orchards. It is a 
native species, more or less common in the Northern 6. 98.—Case in which 
apple leaf-crumpler 
and Central States, and feeds upon the apple, crab caterpillar passes the 
apple, quince, cherry, wild cherry, plum, wild plum. winter. Enlarged. 
peach, pear, and perhaps other host plants. 
‘> Phe. winter is passed within the winter case as a half-grown caterpillar 
(fig. 99), which becomes active in the spring as the buds begin to open. Later 
bunches. of leaves are tied together, among which the caterpillars feed, occa- 
sionally attacking the fruit after it is set and sometimes the bark of the new 
Piesite cay: wood. By late spring to early summer the 
caterpillars are full-grown and attach their 
cases, in which the pupa stage is passed, to the 
bark of the tree. A full-grown larva is about 
three-fifths of an inch long, greenish brown, 
with a dark brown head. In due time the 
moths emerge and deposit their very minute 
eggs over the foliage of the host plant. The 
forewings of the moth are light brown with 
silver markings and the wing expanse is about 
three-fourths of an inch. The larvee of the new 
brood feed upon the foliage until late fall, 
when they attach their cases to the trees as de- 
scribed. 
Spraying with arsenate of lead at the rate of 
1 pound of the powder or 2 pounds of the paste 
to 50 gallons of water or fungicide is an effec- 
tive remedy for this insect. The application 
should be given in the spring shortly after the leaves have begun to push out. 
In commercial orchards which have received regular sprayings, the leaf-crump- 
ter will rarely, if ever, require special treatment. 
Fic. 99.—Winter case and cat- 
erpillar of the apple leaf- 
crumpler. Enlarged. 
* Wineola indigenella Zeller. 
92300°—22—_4 
