The More Important Apple Insects. 61 
may hibernate on the trees either in the adult or egg stage. In northern locali- 
ties. where the temperature is more severe, eggs are deposited by the mites in 
the fall on twigs around bud scales, crotches of limbs, ete., and thus the winter 
is passed. The eggs are small, globular, and reddish, often occurring in large 
numbers and attracting the attention of 
erchardists during pruning operations. 
With the pushing out of the foliage in 
the spring, the eggs hatch and the mites 
attack the leaves, producing several 
generations during the season. 
The eggs and hibernating adults of 
the clover mite on trees, as a rule, will be 
destroyed by a thorough spraying with 
lime-sulphur solution, using the con- 
eentrate 32° Baumé during the dormant 
period at the rate of 63 gallons diluted with water to make 50 gallons, a 
strength which is also effective against the San Jose scale. For the control of 
the insect on trees in foliage, use freely a dust of finely divided sulphur and 
hydrated lime, half and half. If desired, the sulphur may be mixed with soapy 
water and sprayed on the plants, using sulphur at the rate of 10 pounds to 50 
gallons of water. Kerosene emulsion, 10 per 
cent strength, or fish-oil soap, 1 pound in 10 
gallons of water, are also effective as summer 
sprays. 
Fig. 123.—The differential grasshopper. 
GRASSHOPPERS.* 
Several species of grasshoppers, one of which 
is shown in figure 123, at times occasion injury 
to apple trees by feeding upon leaves (fig. 124) 
or chewing the bark. During periods of serious 
outbreak this injury may be very important, and 
prompt and energetic measures are necessary to 
prevent destruction of the trees. Grasshopper 
injury is rarely of importance in the Eastern 
States, except in orchards adjacent to meadows 
which have recently been cut. In the West, 
however, injury in connection with grasshop- 
per outbreaks may be much more important. 
Most grasshoppers of importance to apple 
growers winter in the egg stage, the eggs being 
placed in podlike masses below the surface of 
the soil. The nymphs, or young insects, hatch 
in the spring and begin feeding on various kinds 
of plant growth. They mature during the sum- 
mer and lay their eggs in the fall along road- 
ways, headlands, meadows, ete. 
In controlling grasshoppers the soil where 
the eggs are laid should be plowed or disked 
at any convenient time prior to the hatching period. A favorite means 
of combating grasshoppers at this time is to distribute here and there 
Tic. 124.—Apple tree defoliated 
by grasshoppers. 
48 Red-legged locust, Melanoplus femur-rubrum DeGeer. Lesser migratory locust, 
Melanoplus atlanis Riley. Rocky Mountain or migratory locust, Melanoplus spretus 
Thomas. Differential locust, Melanoplus differentialis Thomas. Carolina locust, Dis- 
sosteira carolina Linnaeus. Two-striped locust, Melanoplus bivittatus Scudder. 
