4 _ Farmers’ Bulletin 1286. ; 
turely. Figure 4 illustrates a leaf some time after the attack of the 
beetle. The beetles do not appear to be at all particular whether the 
plants attacked are in sunlight or in shade, in this respect differing 
from many other species of the same family. 
SEASONAL HISTORY AND HABITS. 
The beetles make their first appearance in the District of Columbia 
and vicinity some years as early as the first week in May. In more 
northern regions they appear some time in June, continuing until 
August, the time of appearance being coincident with the blooming 
of the raspberry. They deposit their eggs on young growth, first 
near the root and 
later at different 
points on the main 
stem and branches. 
From one to as 
many as a dozen 
galls have been ob- 
served in a single 
cane. <A favorite 
place is near the 
base of a leaf. The 
egos hatch and the 
minute white larve 
feed on the sapwood 
just under the bark, 
proceeding spirally 
upward or down- 
ward in the sap- 
wood and around 
ric. 4.—Blackberry leaf taken some time after attack by : : : 
¢ o 
beetles of the red-necked raspberry cane-borer, showing the cane, girdling ut 
enlargement of original holes made by the beetles in and thereby causing 
ae et its death. Where 
this girdling takes place the galls are formed. (See fig. 5.) Some- 
times larvee may be present in the stems without the formation of 
galls. Still later the larve bore into the pith, continuing upward or 
downward. After proceeding from 4 to 8 inches in the canes they form 
oval pupal cells in the pith near the woody part and in these the larve 
pass the winter. In March they molt, forming shorter, or prepupal, 
larvee, and in April molt again and change to pupz, in this stage 
remaining inactive for from 7 to 10 days, according to temperature, 
the beetles developing toward the end of April and issuing in May 
and until July, 
