The Red-Necked Raspberry Cane-Borer. 5 
The pupal cell may be only a short distance above the ground; it 
may be a few inches only below the first gall, or in rare cases above 
the gall. 
A single generation is produced annually. 
NATURAL ENEMIES. 
This species, like most interior feeders, attracts certain parasites, 
two‘ of which, small four-winged wasplike flies, are common and 
undoubtedly are material factors in re- 
ducing the numbers of the pest. 
REMEDY. 
The only direct method for the control 
of the red-necked raspberry cane-borer 
consists in cutting out the infested canes, 
which may be detected by the galls or en- 
largements on them. This may be done in 
the late fall, in winter, or in spring, or at 
any time before the latter part of April in 
most localities where the insect is inju- 
rious, and the cuttings should be promptly 
burned. As the beetles begin to emerge 
from the canes early in May they are, by 
the means indicated, destroyed before their 
emergence. Thus considerable diminu- 
tion in injury will follow for the season. 
To insure thoroughness, however, it is 
necessary to employ the same means on all 
of the insect’s food plants—blackberry. 
dewberry, and raspberry—and,.where pos- 
sible, to extend this operation to wild 
plants of the same kind. Otherwise the 
wild plants, unless of value for fruit, 
‘should be kept down, since it is principally — Fic. 5.—Section of blackberry 
} rs 3 cane showing gall or en- 
4 oe "4 oO 
in volunteer growth and neglected berry iacbenvents at manatees ate 
patches that the insect breeds. by larva of red-necked rasp- 
F) ‘ 4 ‘Ty CE -borer. 
Cooperation in the observance of this pee cones 
measure with neighboring growers of these fruits is highly desirable 
and should be continued for successive years, or as long as the galls or 
swellings are to be seen in any number. 
4 Wicrobracon xanthostigmus Cress. and Charitopus magnificus Ashm, 
O 
