The European Corn Borer. 43 
with grass, this grass will crowd out the weeds if the mowing and 
burning is continued for several years. Even the perennial weeds 
like tansy and goldenrod will be crowded out by the grass if they 
are mowed, or sprayed with weed-killing substances, several times 
during the season. Yellow dock, however, is best eradicated by 
grubbing in the spring. Quantities of weed seeds are often brought 
on to the land in manure, and for this reason all manure used on 
garden land should be well composted. 
FEEDING INFESTED PLANTS TO LIVE STOCK. 
Feeding infested fodder plants to live stock is one of the most ef- 
fective and economical methods for combating the corn borer. The 
food value of the fodder is not materially affected by the presence of 
the borers, except possibly in cases of very severe infestation. 
Wherever practicable, the infested plants should be cut close to the 
ground while green, and placed in the silo, or fed direct from the 
field. Any borers which escape the silage cutter are destroyed by 
the conditions existing in the ordinary silo. The common method of 
feeding corn fodder without shredding does not aid in the least to 
control the corn borer. 
Mature plants, especially cornstalks' when too dry to be used for 
silage, should be shredded, or cut into short sections, before being 
fed. Live stock relish corn fodder which has been shredded, and this 
promotes the consumption of the fodder. 
When infested cornstalks, or similar plants, are fed direct to live 
stock, the uneaten parts should be collected and destroyed, preferably 
by burning. 
DESTRUCTION OF CROP REMNANTS. 
Celery tops, beet tops, fragments of cornstalks, rhubarb tops, to- 
mato vines, and bean vines which are infested should be destroyed as 
soon as the crop is harvested, because the borer will crawl from these 
crop remnants to the growing crops if they are left in the field. 
SUMMARY OF CONTROL AND RESTRICTIVE MEASURES. 
To control the European corn borer the following practices are 
recommended : 
Burn, or otherwise destroy, before May 1 of each year, all corn- 
stalks, corncobs, corn stubble, vegetable, field, and flower crop rem- 
nants, weeds, and large-stemmed grasses of the previous year. Re- 
move all remnants of leaves from rhubarb stems before marketing. 
Keep cultivated fields, fence rows, field borders, roadsides, ete., free 
from large weeds or large-stemmed grasses. 
Cut corn close to the ground. 
Cut and remove sweet-corn fodder from the field as soon as the 
ears are harvested. Feed direct to live stock, place in silo, or destroy 
by burning. 
Cut and remove field corn from the field as soon as the ears are 
mature. [Feed the stalks to live stock as soon as possible and burn or 
otherwise dispose of the uneaten parts before May 1 following. 
Shred or cut the fodder to increase its consumption. 
Plow under thoroughly in the fall all infested cornstalks, corn 
stubble, other crop remnants, weeds, and similar material which it 
