90 BIRDS OF NORFOLK. 
be explained by the fact that, with us the ringed- 
plover is both resident and migratory. In autumn the 
birds of the warrens retire to the coast, and swell the 
numbers of those which have passed their summer by 
the sea. On Breydon, also, as Mr. F. Frere informs me, 
both young and old make their appearance by the end 
of August* or beginning of September (some young birds 
returning sooner than others), at which time their flocks 
consist undoubtedly of migrants from more northern 
localitiest as well as partial migrants from our own in- 
land districts. A large proportion of these again pass on 
to the southward, though some still remain, throughout 
the autumn and winter, at times consorting with dunlinst 
* Mr. Cordeaux, in his “Notes from North Lincolnshire” for 
1867 (‘“ Zoologist,” s.s., p. 945), says “ Hundreds of these little 
fellows made their appearance in the first week of August. These 
flocks contained an unusual number of dunlins.” A small family 
of six, as an advanced guard, had been also observed on the 27th 
of July. 
+ This species is included by Mr. Alfred Newton in his list of 
the “Birds of Spitsbergen” (“ Ibis,” 1865, p. 504), and on the 
authority of Dr. Malmgren, he states “that Professors Torell and 
Nordenskj6ld, found on one of the Seven Islands, in lat. 80° 45’ N., 
a brood of ringed plovers, which had probably been bred on one 
of these, the most northern islets of the known world.” Their 
plaintive whistle has been also distinguished, amongst others, in 
those large nocturnal flights before alluded to under the head of 
golden plover; and in one instance (see ante p. 72, note) the 
ringed plover is specially named as one of the species picked 
up and identified. 
} This habit, as shown by Thompson (“ Birds of Ireland,” vol. ii., 
p. 101) “is fatal to them; for when by themselves the flocks are so 
small as to be considered unworthy of the fowler’s notice; but when 
in company with the other, which usually go in large bodies, and 
consequently are ‘worth a charge of powder and shot,’ both are 
slain together.” Mr. J. H. Gurney, however, who has recently had 
many opportunities of observing this species on the coast of South 
Wales and Somersetshire, where, in October and November, they 
appear in large numbers—sometimes over one hundred in a flock— 
