380 BIRDS OF NORFOLK. 
the dunlin made its appearance among other waders, 
and a pair were shot by Mr. Newcome, at Hockwold, on 
the 6th of May in that year. In hke manner on the 
coast, either singly or in small flocks, the dunlin is met 
with throughout May and June. On the 2nd of June, 
1862, I shot a solitary male, at Salthouse, in full 
summer plumage, which frequented the brackish waters 
at the back of the beach, near the nesting place of the 
ringed-plovers and lesser terns; and at Hunstanton, in 
1863, I observed small parties of dunlins on the sands 
between the 16th and 30th of May, and one flock of 
eight or nine on the 12th of June. 
Most shore-gunners, as well as collectors, are aware 
of the difference observable in certain examples of 
this species, not only in size but in peculiarities of 
plumage, apart altogether from seasonal changes. And 
hence continental authors more especially have, of late 
years, distinguished a larger and a smaller race of the 
European dunlin, as has been already remarked of the 
ringed-plover.* In his “Ornithologie Kuropénne” (1849, 
vol. ii., p. 230) Degland mentions under the name of 
Tringa torquata, a stint which he considers distinct from 
the common species. He describes it as a little smaller 
with rather shorter bill and tarsi; the head in winter 
broadly streaked with blackish brown ; its breeding dress 
brighter than that of the common stint, and the black 
patch on the abdomen smaller. He also adds that it 
breeds in Holland, whereas the larger species goes 
further north to breed. On this latter point, however, 
Temminck, in the third or supplementary volume of his 
Manuel (p. 400), quotes from Naumann to the effect 
that the lesser bird is the most northerly in its summer 
habitat, an opinion entirely opposed to that of Degland,t 
* See ante, p. 95, note; extract from “ Ibis,” 1865, p. 465. 
+ In the second edition of Degland’s work (1867), the editor, M. 
