272 



the moth escapes the chrysalis wriggles itself forward, and pushing itself against the thin 

 papery-like layer of bark, ruptures it, and the chrysalis protrudes as shown in the figure. 

 Soon afterwards the imprisoned moth in its struggles ruptures the chrysalis and escapes. 



This insect appears to be increasing in numbers every year, and is very destructive, 

 especially to young maple trees. 



The Northern Brenthian — Eupsalis minuta. 



This insect in the larval state bores into the solid wood of the white oak, forming a 



cylindrical passage. The larva is about three-quar- 

 ters of an inch long, (see a, Fig. 8,) with a pale 

 yellow head. It changes to a chrysalis b within 

 its chamber and appears as a beetle c in June and 

 July, This beetle belongs to the family of weevils, 

 but differs from most of them in that its snout pro- 

 jects straight out in front and is not bent under 

 as is the case with weevils in general. The male 

 is very unlike the female, in the figure c repre- 

 sents the female, c^the head of the male ; both sexes 

 vary much in size. 



The female bores a cylindrical hole with her 

 snout in the bark of the oak and deposits therein 

 one egg which she pushes to the bottom. This 

 shortly hatches, when the young grub works its 



way into 



Fig. 

 the solid wood of the tree, 



The Pigeon Tremex — Tremex columba. 



This species belongs to the Hymenoptera or four 



winged insects. The female is shown in Fig. 9. It 



is a large, wasp-like creature, measuring, when its 



wings are spread, an inch and a half or more across. 



The wings are of a smoky brown colour and semi- 

 transparent ; the body is cylindrical, and about an 



inch and a half long, exclusive of the borer, which 



projects about three-eighths of an inch beyond the 



body ; the head and thorax are reddish, varied with 



black ; the body black, crossed by seven yellow bands, 



all excepting the first two interrupted in the middle. 



The horny tail and a round spot at the base are 



yellow. 



The male is unlike the female, is smaller in size, 



and has no borer. Its body is reddish, varied with 



black (see Fig. 10), the wings more transparent than 



those of the female, the body somewhat flattened, rather wider 

 behind. Its length is from three-fourths of an inch to an inch 

 or more, and the wings, when expanded, measure about an inch 

 and a quarter across. 



The female deposits her eggs chiefly in maple trees, but some- 

 times in hickory, buttonwood and elm, and also in pear trees. 

 She bores into the bark with her borer, and drops an egg in the 

 hole. The egg is oblong oval, pointed at both ends, and rather 

 less than one-twentieth of an inch in length. 



The larva is soft, of a yellowish-white colour, cylindrical in 

 form, rounded behind, with a conical horny point on the upper 



part of the hinder extremity, and when full grown is about an inch and a half long. It 



bores deep into the interior of the wood. 



Fig. 9. 



C?^^ ^ 



Fig. 10. 



