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stage, and from which moths emerge about the end of July. The second brood of larvae 

 are found about the last of August and throughout September, they become crysalids 

 late in the season, and pass the winter in the crysalis state. 



The Pine Leaf-miner — Gelechia pinifoliella. 

 The leaf eaters of forest trees are not all large insects ; there are legions of tiny foes, 



which make up in numbers what 

 they lack in size, and thus inflict 

 serious injury. As a specimen of 

 this class is a minute moth, whose 

 larva lives within the leaf of several 

 species of pine. It may often be 

 observed that the ends of pine 

 leaves, and in many cases the entire 

 leaves above their base, become 

 dead and brown, and when opened 

 are found to be entirely eaten out 

 and to contain, if in the proper 

 season, the larva or pupa of this 

 leaf -miner. Fig. 19 (after Comstock) 

 represents this insect in its various 

 stages, much magnified ; the short 

 lines near the figures indicate the 

 natural size. The caterpillar is 

 light brown, narrow, and nearly 

 cylindrical in form, with the head 

 and shield on next segment black. 

 The crysalis is long and slender, of 

 a light brown when first formed, 

 but becoming darker afterwards. 



Fig. 19. 



The moth is brownish, the fore wings crossed by three white lines, the hind wings pale grey. 

 The moth, when its wings are spread, measures only three-eighths of an inch across. 



The Oak Leaf-miner — Lithocolletis hamadryadella. 

 This is another very small insect of the same class which injures the leaves of difier- 



Fig. 20. 



