BRENNER EHRE ST NINE 1 30R RER TER ME ES ARTEN 
NE, N rar} LE) 4 KG 3 » 
Östen-Sacken: A relie of the tertiary period in Europe. 153 
Thus the specific identity must be assumed until it is disproved 
by further evidence, and thus, to my regret, I must desist for the 
time being from my intention to dedieate the species to its discoverer. 
The oceurence of the same species of Zlephantomyia on both 
continents should have nothing to astonish us; we have a similar 
instance in the genus Antocha , belonging to the same section of 
Limnobina anomala, and the european representative of which is un- 
distinguishable from the North-American, I will observe by the way 
that monotypical or oligotypical genera of Tipulidae are quite often 
represented by the identical or celosely parallel species in (istant parts 
of the world; for instance Trimiera, Trochobola, Symplecta, Pedicia, 
Cylindrotoma, Dieranoptycha etc. 
Another point of interest, connected with the discovery of Ele- 
phantomyia in Europe is this, There is a number of very peculiar 
genera of Tipulidae which oceur as fossils in the prussian amber and 
are, at the same time, found living in the United States, thus con- 
firming the well-known relationship between the tertiary fauna and 
flora with that of North-America. Elephantomyia is one of these 
genera. It seems to have been more common during the amber- 
period than it is now, because Dr. Loew distinguished three species 
in the amber, while only one N. Am. species is known, and that 
seems to be wide-spread, but not common. Zlephantomyia has not 
been discovered in South-America yet. But I have seen among 
Wahlbergs colleetions from South-Africa, im the Museum of Stock- 
holm, a species which is a true Zlephantomyia. This sporadie distri- 
bution will explain the interest that the discovery of this genus in 
Europe exeited in me. As this relie of the tertiary fauna in Europe 
escaped detection so long, it must be very rare, or very local, and 
it will be interesting to watch, where it will turn up next. 
The two other remarkable forms of the amber-fauna, which still 
exist in North-America are Idioplasta (Protoplasta olim) and the 
Eriocerea with immensely long antennae in the male sex. Both have 
a singularly sporadie distribution. 
Idioplasta, besides the amber and North-America, occurs in 
California, and its close relative Zanyderus in Chili, New Zealand and 
Amboina; from each locality, only one species is known. 
