51 



Flabelliua rugosa 

 Dentalina communis 

 Marginuliua raphanus 

 Spirilliaa infima 



Ammonites communia 

 ,, anuulatus 



Pecten 



Vertebr£e of Ichthyosaurus 

 Cristellaria rotula 

 The foraminifera may be derived from either of the formations. 

 Large quantities of iron stone washed out of the middle and upper 

 lias are also present in the gi-avel. 



The Mammalia.— Amongst the extinct mammalia from these 

 deposits the Elephas primigenius, or Mammoth, first desei-ves notice, 

 from being the most abundant. A fine tusk and teeth from 

 Freshford are in my museum, and there are other specimens from 

 Larkhall, the Bath Park, the Lyncombe and Widcombe Cemetery, 

 and from Newton and Saltford. A second species, the E. antiquus, 

 distinguished by the different structure of the teeth, also occurs. 

 From the specimens obtained it appears certain that this animal 

 roamed in considerable numbei-s on our hills in post-pliocene times, 

 and enormous herds must have inhabited some parts of this country. 

 It is recorded by Mr. S. Woodward, that within 1 3 years not less than 

 2000 elephant's grinders, chiefly belonging to the E. antnuus, were 

 dredced from an oyster bed off the Norfolk coast. The entire head 

 of an E. prinugenius has lately been acquired by the British 

 museum from llford, the tusks of which are 18ft. lOin. in length, 

 and one found in gravel near Stroud measured 15ft. I was lately 

 sent for to assist in disinterring a specimen from the " red ground, 

 or new red sandstone ! near Woodborough. The message I sent 

 back was, that it was either not an elephant's tusk, or it was not 

 true "red ground." On arriving at the spot it proved to be a 

 very fine tusk of E. antiquus, but in so brittle a condition it could 

 not be preserved. It lay in a red marl in a new red sandstone 

 valley which might without the tusk have readily passed for that 

 a<re A small block of stone containing an oolitic coral was, after 

 a° search, tlie only, though sufficient evidence, that it was a drift 

 deposit of the time we ai-e considering. 



The Rhinoceros tkhorimts, or long-haired two homed Khmoceros 

 was a companion of the elephant in this district, but although 



