52 



found more frequently in other localities, and in our caverns, 

 appears to have been rare here, as I have found only a single tooth 

 in the gravel of Freshford. 



The Ovibos moschatus, or Buhalus moschatus. — This animal, from 

 its much greater rarity in a fossil state is, perhaps, the most, 

 interesting in the Bath district. It has only very lately been 

 recognized in England. The first specimen was found near 

 Maidenhead. Soon after this I was fortunate enough to find at 

 Freshford a head of the only female known, and from the same 

 place I have obtained a good example of the male. A fourth has 

 been met with, near Bi-omley, in Kent, and a fifth by Mr. Dawkins, 

 at Crayford, Kent. The latter gentleman has devoted much time and 

 attention to the mammalia, and is of opinion that these specimens 

 must no longer be classed with the Buffalo, but rather with the 

 Ovidse, and its generic name has been altered accordingly. 



The Sus scrofa ferox, or Wild Boar, has been found at Larkhall, 

 Freshfoi-d, and in the excavations for a cellar in Westgate-street. 



The Equus caballus, or Horse, is not uncommon, its bones and 

 teeth being occasionally found in most of the localities mentioned. 

 Bos primigenius, before referred to,' and which lived on to historic 

 times before it became extinct, is also not uncommon. 



The Cervidce, which in our gi-avels are represented by teeth and 

 antlers chiefly of the Reindeer, complete the fauna of the low level 

 river deposits of the Bath basin. 



Within the time it has taken to deposit about 60ft. of clays and 

 gravels in the old river courses and lower parts of the Bath 

 district, it will be seen that we have had mammalia present which 

 are now extinct or have disappeared to other latitudes. Thus the 

 Ovibos moschatus is now found only in the Arctic circle, for the cold 

 of which its long shaggy matted hair provides. The Rhinoceri, now 



Note. — It has not been within the scope of my paper to refer to the still 

 larger list of mammalia found in our Somersetshire caverns — nor to the 

 curious fact that in most of the fissures in the table land around Bath numerous 

 additional remains to those I have mentioned are to bo found. The phenomena 

 connected with the latter require further elucidation, but up to this time I 

 have found in them bones of Bison, Ox, Horse, Deer, Lemming, Arvicola of 

 several species, Sorex, Bat, Frog, &c., &c. 



