321 



the most elevated portions of our island, and the highest of 

 the calcareous mountains were among the deepest pai-ts of the 

 antediluvian ocean, this will account for a fact which has hitherto 

 puzzled the geologist. It is allowed that the analogues of many 

 petrified shells are not found recent." He points out that tho 

 probable reason is many of them were deep sea fonns, and the 

 analogous may still be living at depths gi-eater than we havo 

 dredged. He says that when fish " migrate it is generally in 

 search of food, and this ultimately depends on climate, season, and 

 soil." 



The 13th, p. 376, "General Observations on the Huttonian 

 Theory of the Earth." This is a regular review article, 

 the drift of which may be gathered from this one sentence, 

 " Among presumptuous philosoi^hers, I fear, Dr. Hutton will find 

 a distinguished place." The arguments of Playfair in the " Illus- 

 trations" are to Townsend, " specious, neither founded on facts nor 

 agreeable to observation." This is indeed but a continuation of 

 heading No. 11. He entirely rejects the idea that heat was the 

 consolidating cause. 



The 14th, p. 398, "Geological Chronometers." In this he 

 quotes De Luc. Deltas, lakes, estuaries, drift sands, and moul- 

 dering cliffs are the chronometers which lead to the conclusion 

 " that our continents are not of a more remote antiquity than has 

 been assigned to them in the beginning of his Pentateuch." 



The loth, p. 404, "Geological Conjectures." He considers 

 — 1st, the question whether the greater part of China has been 

 gained from the sea; 2ud, whether by the deluge the earth 

 shifted her poles ; 3rd, whether the successive periods marked by a 

 progressively gi'eater variety of animal productions may be periods 

 which in Scripture ai'e called days ; 4th, on the formation of 

 gypsum and the origin of flints. 



The 16th, "Of the gi-eat importance of Geology." 1. To 

 gentlemen of landed property. The soil depends on the strata. 

 He gives lists of plants which are confined to particular soils, and 

 then speaks of surface draining and deep draining. 2. To civil 

 engineers. In this he principally speaks of canals. 3. To 

 builders. Especially he alludes to water supplies for houses. 



