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principal one is the British camp overlooking Northstoke. On 

 two sides the spur of the hill descends steeply, and has been in 

 some places scarped. On the other sides the defences were 

 formed by a mound and ditch, extending in a curved line for 

 nearly 1,000 yards, the ditch having been excavated down to the 

 rock. These nm from side to side of the spur, thus separating 

 the camp from the rest of the hill. A curious feature is that a 

 bank without a ditch, running through the centre of the camp, 

 divides it into two nearly equal portions. The area of the 

 camp is about 12 acres. 



There are also on Lansdown many barrows, and traces of 

 British works of less importance. Phelps speaks of an earthwork 

 on the south-east of the hill. I think I have found indications of 

 it near St. Elpheage's well, but I do not feel certain whether these 

 are anything more than a natural formation of the ground. The 

 two Roman camps on this hiU appear to have been only temporary 

 ones. The peculiar appearances on the north-west brow of Lans- 

 down are generally said to be the works thrown up by Sii- 

 William Waller previous to the battle in 1643. They are how- 

 ever scarcely what we should expect to find as raised for such a 

 purpose, and there have in consequence been various conjectures 

 hazarded about them. It has been mentioned as a confirmation 

 of the statement that they are the remains of Waller's works, 

 that it is recorded that, on the Sunday after the battle, the 

 Marquis of Hartford sent to Waller a taunting message, hoping 

 that they should meet where they " might fight no more in 

 holes, but in the campane." But this is compatible with the 

 supposition that Waller's troops, besides throwing up a breast- 

 work, availed themselves of holes they found already existing. 

 If so, we may have here the remains of a British town, mutilated 

 and confused by the earthworks raised by the troops in 1643. 



Of Pen Hill I have seen no notice in any archaeological work. 

 The British name would lead one to expect to find some marks 

 of Keltic occupation. Ascending on the Eastern side we come to 



